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Artificial Implants

Artificial Implants are medical devices designed to replace or support a missing or damaged body part.
These implants can be made from a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics, and are used to treat a wide range of conditions, such as joint replacements, cardiac pacemakers, and dental implants.
The research and development of Artificial Implants is an important field, as these devices can significantly improve the quality of life for patients.
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Most cited protocols related to «Artificial Implants»

The Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register, SKAR, has registered knee arthroplasties in Sweden since 1975 [1 (link)].
In this study all 44590 patients with osteoarthritis, OA, and rheumatoid arthritis, RA, operated on during 1985–1999 with either unicompartmental, UKA, or tricompartmental, TKA, knee arthroplasties were included in the study population. Their age and sex is presented in Table 1.
This study population was not, as generally is the case in clinical studies, defined for the purpose of a clinically relevant comparison but to ensure a substantial group of patients with two major types of implants for the specific purpose of analysing the effects of ignoring bilaterality.
33 882 patients had one prosthesis implanted and 10708 patients had had bilateral prostheses implanted. The total number of studied prostheses was thus 55298. In unilaterally operated patients 1 803 (5.3%) prostheses were revised while in bilaterally operated patients one and two prostheses were revised in 1 089 (5.1%) and 296 (1.4%) knees respectively.
Mean survival time was 60 (range: 0 – 287) months, and the cumulative five-year revision risk was 6.4%.
The majority of the implanted prostheses, 39759 or 71.9%, were TKA; 15539 or 28.1% were UKA. The crude cumulative five-year revision risk was 4.9% and 9.3% for TKA and UKA respectively.
Publication 2003
Artificial Implants Knee Knee Replacement Arthroplasty Limb Prosthesis Patients Prosthesis Rheumatoid Arthritis
The electrode array of the Nucleus Freedom™ cochlear implant was modified for facilitating vestibular implantation in collaboration with Cochlear Ltd (Lane Cove, Australia). The customized array had a total of 9 electrode contacts, with three contacts on each of three leads. Each electrode contact was a cylindrical band of width 0.2 mm and diameter 0.15 mm. The interelectrode spacing was 0.2 mm on each lead. A separate ball electrode served as the return ground, in addition to the shell ground of the receiver-stimulator. In a revised design, the width of the electrode bands was increased to 0.25 mm, which produces lower electrode impedances and higher maximum currents.
Four monkeys (Table 1) were implanted with the vestibular prosthesis in the right ear at the National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA. Monkeys A, B, and D received the device with 0.2 mm diameter electrodes; monkey C had the 0.2 mm device but later received the 0.25 mm device. Mastoidectomy was performed to expose the incus and the target semicircular canals. The canals to be implanted were “blue-lined” and fenestrated adjacent to the ampullary end. Each stimulating electrode array was inserted in parallel to the lumen of the target canal, with the tip of the array pointing toward the canal’s ampulla. As shown in Table 1, we implanted the lateral canal of all four animals. In addition, we implanted the device in the posterior canal of 2 monkeys, and the superior canal of 1 monkey, for a total of seven implanted canals.
Publication 2011
Animals Artificial Implants Cochlea Impedance, Electric Incus Mastoidectomy Medical Devices Monkeys Nuclei, Cochlear Ovum Implantation Primates Pulp Canals Semicircular Canals Vestibular Labyrinth
All animals received humane care in compliance with the European Communities Council Directive of 2010 (2010/63/EU), and the study was approved by the institutional and regional committees for animal care. Adult Sprague Dawley rats aged 10-12 weeks and GAERS (Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg) aged 8-16 weeks underwent surgical craniotomy and implant of ultrasound-clear prosthesis. Anesthesia was induced with 2% isoflurane and maintained by ketamine/xylazine (80/10 mg/kg), while body temperature was maintained at 36.5°C with a heating blanket (Bioseb, France). A sagittal skin incision was performed across the posterior part of the head to expose the skull. Parietal and frontal flaps were excised by drilling and gently moving the bone away from the dura mater. The opening exposed the brain between the olfactory bulb and the cerebellum, from Bregma +6 to Bregma −8mm, with a maximal width of 14mm. Electrodes were implanted stereotaxically and anchored on the edge of the flap. A plastic sheet of polymethylpentene was sealed in place with acrylic resin (GC Unifast TRAD) and residual space was filled with saline. We chose a prosthesis approach which offers larger field of view and prolonged imaging condition over 1-2 month, compared to the thinned bone approach [Osmanski 2014]. Particular care was taken not to tear the dura in order to prevent cerebral damage. The surgical procedure, including electrode implantation, typically took 4-6h. Animals recovered quickly, and after a conservative one week resting period they were used for data acquisition.
In order to attach the ultrasound probe and connect the EEG before a recording session, rats undergo short anesthesia for 20-25 min with 2% isoflurane. Acoustic gel is applied on the skull prosthesis, then the probe is inserted into the holder. The gel does not dry out even for extended recordings of up to 6-8 h. Animals are allowed to recover for 30 min before starting the recording session.
Publication 2015
Absence Epilepsy Acoustics Acrylic Resins Adult Anesthesia Animal Care Committees Animals Artificial Implants Body Temperature Bones Brain Brain Injuries Cerebellum Craniotomy Cranium Dura Mater Head Isoflurane Ketamine Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Cortex Operative Surgical Procedures Ovum Implantation Plant Bulb Prosthesis Implantation Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rattus norvegicus Saline Solution Skin Surgical Flaps Tears Ultrasonics Unifast Xylazine
The three-dimensional models that were used in the current study were prepared with the help of single software to standardize all of the parameters of the models. Models were divided into three groups (Fig 1):

The loading and fixed boundary conditions of the models. a, M1. b, M2. c, M3. d

Model 1 (M1): Edentulous atrophic mandible (control model) (Fig 1a).

Model 2(M2): 3.5 × 11.5 mm Nobel Replace implants (Nobel Biocare USA, Yorba Linda, CA) were placed in the areas of both lateral incisors at a distance of 7 mm from the central point of the arch with the same vertical height level and Locator® attachments (Zest Anchors LLC, CA, USA) were used to connect implants to overdenture prosthesis (Fig 1b).

Model 3(M3): 4.3 × 11.5 mm Nobel Replace implants (Nobel Biocare USA, Yorba Linda, CA) were placed in the areas of both lateral incisors at a distance of 7 mm from the central point of the arch with the same vertical height level and Locator® attachments (Zest Anchors LLC, CA, USA) were used to connect implants to overdenture prosthesis (Fig 1c).

The data obtained from the Visible Human Project® (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA) were modified with the use of VRMESH (VirtualGrid Inc, Bellevue City, WA, USA) and Rhinoceros 4.0 (McNeel North America, Seattle, WA, USA) software to establish a 3D mandible FEA model to simulate clinical situation of edentulous atrophic mandible.
Mechanical properties of the materials that were simulated were taken from the literature [14 (link)–16 (link)] and are presented in Table 1. For standardization, the same overdentures were used by assuming that the material properties were the same for both the base part and artificial teeth. The implant-bone interface was considered to be static. The contact area of the overdenture and mucosa was assumed to be frictionless. ALGOR FEMPRO SOFTWARE (ALGOR Inc. Pittsburgh, PA, USA) was used to mesh final models with 3D parabolic tetrahedral solid elements with surface to surface contact. And then a refined mesh was performed in the mandible model to reproduce the compound stress formation observed in bone and implants. Total numbers of nodes and elements are listed in Table 2. Same software was also used to perform static analysis of the models.

Mechanical properties of the materials

MaterialYoung’s Modulus (MPa)*Poisson’s ration
Cortical Bone13,7000.3
Cancellous Bone1,3700.3
Titanium alloy110,0000.35
PMMA*3,0000.35
Mucosa6800.45

*Abbreviations: MPa Megapascal, PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate

Total numbers of nodes and elements

ModelsNodesElements
Model 1150440691104
Model 22828431339942
Model 32808721319489
The mandibular condyles were fixed in all degrees of freedom. There are several muscles take place to close or elevate the mandible (Fig 1d). These muscles are masseter, temporal, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles were modelled with no resistance during compression. Muscle tension stiffness values were reported previously in the literature: masseter muscle (16.35 N/mm), medial pterygoid muscle (15 N/mm), lateral pterygoid muscle (12 N/mm), anterior temporal muscle (14 N/mm) and posterior temporal muscle (13 N/mm) [10 (link)]. Traumatic force of 2000 N was applied perpendicularly to the frontal region on a 1 cm diameter circular area (Fig 1d). In previous FEA studies, force magnitude of 2000 N was used as a representative of a punch [10 (link), 17 (link)].
After performing the FEA, maximum (Pmax) and minimum (Pmin) principle and Von Mises (VM) stresses were evaluated numerically and color coded.
Publication 2017
Artificial Implants Atrophy Bones Denture, Overlay Homo sapiens Incisor Lobe, Frontal Mandible Mandibular Condyle Mucous Membrane Muscle, Back Muscles, Masseter Muscle Tissue Muscle Tonus Polymethyl Methacrylate Pterygoid Muscles Temporal Muscle Tooth, Artificial
For the TE-simulated dataset, we tested on a simulated human chromosome 20 of 5× coverage and a read length of 76 bp created by Wu et al. (2014) (link) in the release of Tangram. We compared VirusSeq (Chen et al. 2013 (link)), RetroSeq (Keane et al. 2013 (link)), Tangram (Wu et al. 2014 (link)), and STEAK on the detection sensitivity of AluY non-reference insertions in this simulated chromosome 20 data. The second simulated genome we benchmarked was one we produced from manually inserting ten HK2 LTRs into chromosome 20 across the genome (Supplementary Table S4). Using the MASON read simulator, we created an Illumina paired-end WGS dataset with 50× coverage and reads of 101-bp length. We mapped these reads to the hg19 reference using BWA. The resulting genome was benchmarked with RetroSeq, VirusSeq, and STEAK. Tangram runs on MOSAIK aligned genomes and did not accept any of our BAMs produced by other aligners in spite of a program that was released to add the necessary ZA tags (tangram_bam). Furthermore, Tangram is currently unmaintained and unsupported.
RetroSeq, Tangram, VirusSeq, and STEAK were all run with matching parameters to compare sensitivity and specificity on a simulated chromosome 20 with artificial HK2 insertions.
For the HIV-simulated dataset, we based it on the human genome reference (hg19) chromosome 1. Twenty full-length HIV integrations were randomly introduced into chromosome 1 using VirusFusionSeq viral insertion simulator (Li et al. 2013 (link)). The full-length HIV insertion was taken from the HIV1/LAV reference (Accession number: K03455.1). We created simulated Illumina paired-end reads with the ART next generation sequencing read simulator (Huang et al. 2012 (link)) with default error model and indicating 50× coverage and 100-bp reads. The reads were then aligned to hg19 using BWA MEM.
Publication 2017
Arhinia, choanal atresia, and microphthalmia Artificial Implants Chromosomes, Human Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 Genome Genome, Human HIV-1 Hypersensitivity Long Terminal Repeat

Most recents protocols related to «Artificial Implants»

Patients were placed in the lateral decubitus position. A tourniquet was used in all cases. The elbow was exposed via a posterior incision, and a global approach was followed. The ulnar nerve was routinely identified, released from the tunnel, and protected. Broad medial and lateral full-thickness soft tissue flaps were elevated, and the elbow joint was exposed. The coronoid process fracture was addressed first, according to the Regan-Morrey classification.8 (link) Fixation of the coronoid process was performed for type II and III fractures, while type I coronoid tip fractures did not require fixation. The radial head fracture was then repaired or replaced with an artificial implant according to the fracture pattern and bone quality.
Once bony reconstruction was complete, we used a Kirschner-wire (K-wire) to drill a tunnel under the guidance of an aim-device (cruciate ligament reconstruction guide) from the lateral aspect into the distal humerus along the rotation axis of the ulnohumeral joint. The rotation axis could be determined by direct visualizing of the anatomic center of the capitellum and the origin of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). After the tunnel was created, the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) complex injury was repaired by direct suture or reattached to the lateral epicondyle. Most LCL injuries presented as an avulsion fracture over the lateral epicondyle. Anatomical fixation of the LCL could be fulfilled through reattaching the avulsion fragment back to the fracture site using one or two anchor sutures. The MCL complex was not repaired whether residual elbow instability existed or not.
Subsequently, an IJS, as described by Orbay et al, was prepared.6 (link) The IJS was created from a 2.4 mm K-wire with a figure-of-eight formed first on the blunt end to accept two 3.5 mm screws and washers for attachment to the ulna. The axis portion was established by making a sharp bend at the proper location and then cut to the appropriate length. The IJS was applied and attached to the proximal ulna with two 3.5 mm screws and washers while the elbow was in 90 flexion with an anatomic concentric reduction position. Restoration of elbow flexion/extension, pronation/supination, and stability in all directions were assessed under fluoroscopic guidance before wound closure.
Publication 2023
Artificial Implants Bones Collateral Ligaments Decompression Sickness Drill Epistropheus Fluoroscopy Fracture, Avulsion Fracture, Bone Humerus Injuries Joints Joints, Elbow Kirschner Wires Ligaments Medical Devices Patients Pronation Radial Head Fractures Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Regan isoenzyme Supination Surgical Flaps Sutures Tissues Tourniquets Ulna Ulnar Nerve Wounds
The cohort included 687 patients and 2971 dental implants. The study group (PPIs users) comprised 17.3% (119) individuals and 18.7% (555) implants. Only subjects who continuatively used one of the PPI (ATC code A02BC, i.e., omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, dexrabeprazole, or a combination of these)) for at least 1 year were included in the study group.
The remaining cohort (82.7% (568) individuals and 81.3% (2416) implants) served as control.
All the implants used were two-p, iece, internal hex, rough surface titanium (Tapered ® Screw-Vent Implant System, Zimmer Dental, (Warsaw, IN, USA); Lance®, MIS, (Bar Lev Industrial Park BAR-LEV, 2015600 Israel); MPI®, Ditron Dental, 2 Haofe St. South ind. Zone P.O.B 5010 Ashkelon 7815001 Israel). All treatments were performed by experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons and prosthodontists. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Israel (0674-19rmc). The present script complies with the STROBE guidelines [15 (link)]. Dental records of all individuals included were extracted and manually screened twice by 2 examiners (DM and LC).
The following information was collected: age, gender, physical status, systemic diseases, HbA1C values before and after implant-supported prosthesis delivery in cases of diabetes mellitus, smoking, implant location, number of implants per individual, bone augmentation, implant brand, length and width, and EIF.
EIF was defined as implant removal within a period of up to 12 months from loading.
Publication 2023
Artificial Implants Bones Dental Health Services Dexlansoprazole Dexrabeprazole Diabetes Mellitus Esomeprazole Ethics Committees Implant, Dental Lansoprazole Obstetric Delivery Omeprazole Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Pantoprazole Patients Physical Examination Prosthodontists Rabeprazole Titanium
The computed tomography (CT) images were acquired to reconstruct 3-dimensional
(3D) models and coordinate systems of the knee for preoperative planning and
postoperative fluoroscopic study. The hip, knee, and ankle joints in the UKA
side were imaged under a 64-slice CT scan (Sensation 64; Siemens) for each
patient before surgery. The 3D surface models of the femoral head, femoral
condyles, tibial plateau, and ankle were reconstructed based on segmentation of
CT images using the region-growing method in Amira 6.7.0 (Thermo Fisher
Scientific). Patients underwent CT again 6 months after medial UKA surgery for
3D modeling of knees (both sides) and implanted prostheses using the same
protocol.
Before surgery, the anatomic bony landmarks on surface models of the hip center
and medial and lateral femoral epicondyles of the UKA knee were used to create a
femoral coordinate system, and the ankle center and medial and lateral tibial
plateau centers were used to create a tibial coordinate system, according to the
method of Grood and Suntay.13
To ensure the consistency of coordinate definition, we mirrored and
aligned the 3D models of the preoperative UKA knee with the coordinate systems
of the native knee after using iterative closest points to construct the
coordinate systems.5 ,37 (link)
The meshes of the knee models in the medial compartment were excluded in
the alignment procedure to reduce the effect of modeling error caused by CT
metal artifact in postoperative UKA knees. A 3D deviation analysis indicated
that the root mean square error of the alignment method was 0.28 ± 0.05 mm for
the femur and 0.32 ± 0.08 mm for the tibia on the UKA side and 0.44 ± 0.18 mm
for the femur and 0.47 ± 0.08 mm for the tibia on the native side. The
manufacturer provided 3D computer-aided design (CAD) models of femoral and
tibial implants that were used in motion measurement. Thus, the CAD models of
implants were aligned to reconstructed implants to determine the position of
implants relative to femoral and tibial coordinate systems. The root mean square
error of distances between the 3D CAD and reconstructed implant models was 0.27
± 0.06 mm for the femoral condyle and 0.33 ± 0.07 mm for the tibial
baseplate.
Publication 2023
Anatomic Landmarks Ankle Artificial Implants Bones Condyle Femur Femur Heads Fluoroscopy Joints, Ankle Knee Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Radionuclide Imaging Tibia Tooth Root X-Ray Computed Tomography
From April 2007 to January 2016, 776 adults underwent consecutive Ozaki procedures at Toho University Ohashi Medical Center.7 During the study time frame, <10 prosthetic valve implants were performed at Toho University. Use of these data in research was approved by the Toho University Institutional Review Board (No. H16063; approved December 16, 2016), with patient consent waived. Data were provided for analysis by Shigeyuki Ozaki under a data use agreement with Cleveland Clinic. Seventy‐four procedures, performed by Professor Ozaki at other hospitals with which we had no data use agreement, were not included, but were included in a 2018 article.7A subgroup of 412 isolated Ozaki procedures was used to study complexity of the procedure by learning curve analysis of aortic clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times, valve performance, and mortality, because these metrics are confounded by concomitant procedures. The entire cohort was used for longitudinal post‐Ozaki hemodynamic performance, as was valve explant and endocarditis. Propensity‐matched pairs (627 pairs) of Ozaki procedures were used to compare valve hemodynamics and valve explant, with 12 569 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with a stented bovine pericardial bioprosthesis (PERIMOUNT; Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) at Cleveland Clinic from June 1982 to January 2011 (Figure 1).8Variables corresponding to those in the Ozaki data set were retrieved from Cleveland Clinic's Cardiovascular Information Registry. Use of these data for research was approved by the Clinic's Institutional Review Board (No. 17–781; approved April 20, 2017), with patient consent waived.
Publication 2023
Adult Aorta Artificial Implants Bioprosthesis Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cardiovascular System Cattle Endocarditis Ethics Committees, Research Hemodynamics Learning Curve Patients Pericardium Reading Frames Valves, Aortic
In bone tissue engineering, the preparation of artificial bone implants with excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility is the focus of current research in the field of artificial bone. Artificial bone implants need to assume the support of the defective area after implantation into the organism and, therefore, need to have strong mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite ceramics have naturally excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductivity, but an important drawback is their poor mechanical properties, so a single hydroxyapatite ceramic cannot be used as a bone repair material for the fabrication of artificial bone implants. Currently, a more feasible approach is to meet the need for both the mechanical properties and the biocompatibility of artificial bone materials by adding a composite material with excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, a biologically inert material with good elasticity, toughness, and stability can be used in composite formulations with hydroxyapatite material to combine the advantages and strengths of both materials and obtain a composite material that meets the requirements for bone implants. ZrO2 is chemically inactive and has a high melting point, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and mechanical properties that meet the needs of artificial bone toughening. Since the composite material in the powder state cannot be extruded by pneumatic 3D printing equipment, the powder needs to be mixed with a liquid binder to form a viscous slurry to facilitate the extrusion of the artificial bone composite material through the equipment. The artificial bone pellet thus formed is then post-processed to break down the binder and obtain artificial bone containing only hydroxyapatite and ZrO2. Polyvinyl alcohol is a cell culture fluid used in recent scientific experiments, including a new finding that validates its good biocompatibility. In addition, its aqueous gels are widely used in ophthalmology, wound dressings, and artificial joints [28 (link),29 (link),30 (link)], and, in this work, polyvinyl alcohol type PVA1788 was chosen as the binder.
Publication 2023
Artificial Implants Biomaterials Bones Bone Tissue Cell Culture Techniques Dressings Durapatite Elasticity Gels Joints Ovum Implantation Polyvinyl Alcohol Powder Repair Material Viscosity Wounds

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CoreValve is a medical device designed for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. It is a prosthetic heart valve that is implanted via a minimally invasive procedure to replace the patient's diseased aortic valve.
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The Evolut PRO is a medical device developed by Medtronic for use in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures. It is designed to address aortic stenosis, a condition where the aortic valve narrows, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. The Evolut PRO serves as a replacement valve that is delivered via a catheter-based procedure, without the need for open heart surgery.
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More about "Artificial Implants"

prosthetic devices, medical implants, joint replacements, cardiac pacemakers, dental implants, CoreValve, Draw Graphic Suite X7, Evolut R, Evolut PRO, PCP-UNC 15 periodontal probe, Fatal Plus, Magna Ease, CATIA, JSM-6510, Trios 3