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Ketjenblack ec 600jd

Manufactured by AkzoNobel
Sourced in Germany, United States

Ketjenblack EC-600JD is a specialized carbon black product manufactured by AkzoNobel. It is designed to provide high electrical conductivity and reinforcement properties for use in various industrial applications. The core function of Ketjenblack EC-600JD is to enhance the electrical and mechanical performance of the materials it is incorporated into.

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16 protocols using ketjenblack ec 600jd

1

Aqueous Sulfur-Ketjenblack Cathode Preparation

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To identify the
benefit of an artificial SEI in early stages of cycling,
a cathode approach with mechanically rather than melt-infiltrated
sulfur was chosen. Furthermore, an aqueous slurry was utilized to
establish an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient preparation
route, which is depicted in detail in a previous study.2 (link) In brief, sulfur (99.5%, Alfa Aesar) and Ketjenblack
EC 600-JD (Akzo Nobel) were ball-milled at 500 rpm for 15 min in a
mass ratio of 5:4. Subsequently, aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose solution
(3.7 wt % CMC, Walocel CRT 2000 PA, Dow Wolff) and styrene-butadiene
rubber solution (40.4 wt % SBR, JSR TRD 102A, JSR Micro) were added
to the ball-milled powder. After stirring, a well-dispersed slurry
was achieved, which was doctor-bladed on carbon-coated aluminum foil
(22 μm) and dried at ambient conditions. Finally, a cathode
with 50:40:10 wt % S/KB/CMC-SBR (CMC/SBR 1:2) and approximately 1.0
mg(S)/cm2 results.
The synthesis of magnesium
hexafluoroisopropyloxy borate (Mg[B(hfip)4]2) was executed according to previous studies,54 (link) and the salt was thoroughly dried at elevated temperatures
from RT to 60 °C for 15 h in vacuum (0.1 Pa) before use. Subsequently,
1 mmol Mg[B(hfip)4]2 was dissolved in 5 mL of
dimethoxyethane (G1, monoglyme, 99.5%, <10 ppm H2O,
Acros Organics), stirred over night, and purified with a PTFE syringe
filter to result in a 0.2 M electrolyte.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Conductive Carbons

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Sulfuric acid was purchased from Lach-Ner (p.a. 96%, Neratovice, Czech Republic), and potassium hydroxide (p.a. 90%) and hydrochloric acid (p.a. 36.5%) were purchased from Mach chemikálie (Ostrava-Hrušov, Czech Republic). TimCal Super C45 conductive carbon black powder was obtained from Cambridge Energy Solutions Ltd. (Cambridge, United Kingdom); KetjenBlack EC-600JD was purchased from AkzoNobel (Prague, Czech Republic); and activated carbon YP-80F was purchased from Kuraray Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). All chemicals were used as delivered without any further purification. Ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm–1) was used for the preparation of all aqueous electrolyte solutions.
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3

Characterization of Ketjenblack EC 600 JD

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The used chemicals were obtained from commercial sources and no further purification was carried out. Ketjenblack EC 600 JD was purchased from AkzoNobel, Amsterdam. The Netherlands.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of NCM622 Cathode with LiNbO3 Coating

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Small particle size NCM622 [Li1+x(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)1−xO2] (d50 = 2.9 μm, d90 = 6.0 μm) was supplied by BASF SE.10,17 (link) Prior to use, a 1 wt% LiNbO3 coating was applied to the cathode material.4,5 (link) Super C65 carbon black (Timcal), Ketjenblack EC-600JD (AkzoNobel), conical carbon nanofibers (100 nm × 20–200 μm; Sigma Aldrich) and TiC nanopowder (<200 nm; Sigma Aldrich) were used as electronically conductive additives. All materials were dried at 300 °C overnight in a vacuum and then stored in an Ar-filled glovebox ([O2] and [H2O] < 0.1 ppm; MBraun).
Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte was synthesized by high-energy milling of a mixture of Li2S (99.9%; Sigma Aldrich), P2S5 (99%; Sigma Aldrich) and LiCl (>99%; Alfa Aesar), with the former being used in a less than stoichiometric amount (by 10 mol%) and the latter being pre-dried in a vacuum. Finally, the recovered powder was heated at 300 °C for 5 h in a vacuum.
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5

Synthesis of Nickel-Based Electrocatalysts

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All chemicals were analytical grade and used without further purification. Ketjenblack EC‐600 JD (CB) was purchased from AkzoNobel. Nickel hexahydrate nitrate (Ni(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O, 98 %) was obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich. Urea (CH4N2O, 99 %), thiourea (CH4N2S, 99 %) and nitric acid (HNO3, 65 wt%) were from VMR chemicals. Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3, 98 %), Nafion D‐521 dispersion (5 % w/w in water and 1‐propanol) and Nafion‐117 ionic exchange membrane were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Deionized (DI) water was produced by a Milli‐Q (18.2 MΩ cm) system.
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6

Synthesis of Ni-Fe-Ru-BDC-DABCO Catalyst

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Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2⋅6H2O, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), iron(II) acetate (Fe(OAc)2, 99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Loius, MO, USA), ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO2, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Loius, MO, USA), benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC, 98%, Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Deutschland), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Loius, MO, USA), perfluorinated resin solution containing Nafion™ 1100W (5 wt.% in lower aliphatic alcohols and water, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Loius, MO, USA), potassium hydroxide solution (KOH, 1 mol L−1, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), nitric acid (HNO3, 65%, Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.99 %, Fisher, Schwerte, Germany), Ketjenblack EC 600 JD (AkzoNobel, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), and methanol (MeOH, 99.98 %, Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) were purchased and used without further purification. Nickel foam (NF) was obtained from Racemat BV (Dodewaard, The Netherlands), cleaned with 1 mol L−1 HCl solution in an ultrasound bath for 5 min to remove the surface nickel oxide layer of the NF and then rinsed with Millipore water (residual conductivity 18.2 MΩ·cm).
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7

Induction Molding for Enhanced Conductivity

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Example 2

Polymethyl methacrylate resin, PLEXIGLAS V-825 from Arkema, would be melt compounded in a twin screw extruder with 10 volume percent conductive carbon black, such as Ketjenblack EC-600JD from AkzoNobel. The final blend would be injection molded into parts or test specimens using the commercially available RocTool induction mold technology, where top and bottom surface of the article would be inductively heated to temperature of >100° C. The resulting part would have a carbon black concentration of greater than 9.5 volume percent within 20 microns of the surface of the test specimen.

Comparatively if the part is molded with conventional injection molding (mold surface temperatures <100° C.), the surface concentration of the carbon black would be less than 9.5 volume percent.

Volume resistivity measurements would also be conducted on the samples. The volume resistivity would be measured at room temperature using a standard two-terminal DC resistor, in both the through-thickness resistivity and surface resistivity configurations. It would be observed that the volume resistivity and surface resistivity of the part molded with commercially available RocTool induction mold technology would decrease by at least 15% compared to the part molded with conventional injection molding.

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8

PVDF-based Polymer Composites Characterization

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Two commercially available poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) grades were applied, namely Solef1006 (Solvay, Lyon, France, PVDF1) with a melt flow index of 40 g/10 min (230 °C, 2.16 kg) and Kynar720 (Arkema, Colombes Cedex, France, PVDF2) with a melt flow index of 5–29 g/10 min (230 °C, 5.0 kg). Rheological measurements were performed on pure PVDF materials whereby higher levels of viscosity (see Figure 1) and elasticity (see Figures S1 and S3) were found for PVDF2 compared to PVDF1.
As electrically conductive fillers, mixtures of branched multi-walled carbon nanotubes (b-MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB) were chosen. The b-MWCNT “CNS flakes” (Applied NanoStructured Solutions LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA) have a diameter of 14 ± 4 nm and length of ≈70 µm (aspect ratio ≈5000) [38 (link)] and are coated with 3 wt % poly (ethylene) glycol. The CB is a highly structured type of the grade Ketjenblack® EC600JD (Akzonobel, Cologne, Germany) with a surface area of 1200 m2/g and a primary particle size d50 of 34 nm (according to the supplier). Scanning electron microscopy images of both fillers are shown in Kunz et al. [26 (link)].
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9

Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites

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For our experiments, we used polypropylene (PP; HP552R®, Polymirae Co., Ltd., Korea), polyethylene terephthalate (PET; JSD 588®, Huvis Co., Korea), and Nylon (Nylon 6; 1011 BRT®, Hyosung Co., Korea) as the polymer matrix. The specific surface area of the carbon black used as the conductivity additive was 1270 m2/g Ketjen Black EC 600JD® (AkzoNobel, Netherlands) to which oil had been added at a rate of 4.8–5.1 ml/g. Prior to extrusion, any moisture was removed by subjecting the materials to vacuum drying at 100 °C for 10 h.
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10

Preparation of Carbon-Sulfur Composites

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Carbon-sulfur composite was prepared by mixing sulfur (≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich) and KB (Ketjenblack EC-600JD, AkzoNobel) with desired weight ratios (S:KB = 50:10 or 50:20, w/w) and heated under 160 °C for 10 h. The as-obtained carbon-sulfur composite powders (83.3 wt% or 71.4 wt% of sulfur) and SEs (LPB, LPS, or LGPS) with desired weight ratios were then mixed by mechanical ball milling under 350 rpm for 10 h in 45 ml ZrO2 jars (FRITSCH PULVERISETTE. 7 premium line), obtaining sulfur cathode powders. The C-SE cathode powders were prepared similarly by mixing 70 wt% of SE (i.e., LPB or LPSC) and 30 wt% Super C using mechanical ball milling under 350 rpm for 10 h in 45 ml ZrO2 jars. All process was performed under an inert atmosphere filled with Argon (H2O <1 ppm, O2 <5 ppm).
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