1000x stock solutions in 100% DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, D8418) are diluted 1:100 with water to achieve a 10x concentration of chemical in 1% DMSO. Then, 30 μL of the 10x chemical solution is added into each well to achieve a final concentration of 1x chemical in 0.1% DMSO. Specifically, to achieve 0.1 μM, 10μM and 25 μM final concentrations of rapamycin (bioWORLD, 41810000-2) and bendiocarb (Sigma-Aldrich, 45336), the 1000x stock solutions were 0.1 mM, 10 mM, and 25 mM, respectively.
Bendiocarb
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
About the product
Bendiocarb is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It serves as a key ingredient in various chemical and biological research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Propoxur, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Chlorpyrifos, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Deltamethrin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Malathion, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Carbofuran, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Permethrin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hepes, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Menthol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phentolamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dl octopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tacrine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bw284c51, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Donepezil, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Edrophonium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Aldicarb, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethoate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cypermethrin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carbaryl, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chlorpyrifos methyl, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diazinon, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Check compatibility
15 protocols using bendiocarb
1
Concentration-Dependent Chemical Assay
2
Carbamate Insecticide Bioassay on Drosophila
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A stock of 10 ml of 0.1% of insecticide was made by weighing 10 mg of the insecticide (0.1% bendiocarb (Sigma Aldrich)), then transferring into a 20 ml vial bottle containing 10 ml of acetone solvent (Sigma Aldrich). A 0.005% dilution of the stock was prepared using Silicone Dow oil. A second dilution of 0.007% was prepared to determine the best progress curve of mortality and knockdown of Drosophila flies to carbamate exposure. The impregnated papers were cut into two halves (6 cm x 15 cm), to fit the height of the fly bioassay plastic vials (45-cc plastic vials). The papers were rolled and inserted into the vial to cover the entire wall of the vial. Small cotton sugar balls (10% (wt/vol) sucrose) were inserted into each vial. A minimum of 20 to 25 flies were transferred into each vial. Mortalities were scored after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 24 h of exposure. Bioassay conditions were performed at 25 ± 5°C and 75 ± 10% relative humidity. Assays were performed in four replicates and Student’s t-test was used to compare the mortality plus knockdown between the experimental group and the control.
3
Insecticide Dose-Response Assay
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Technical grades of deltamethrin (#45423, Sigma-Aldrich), alpha-cypermethrin (#45806, Sigma-Aldrich), permethrin (#45614, Sigma-Aldrich), malathion (#45614, Sigma-Aldrich), fenitrothion (#45487, Sigma-Aldrich), chlorpyrifos-methyl (#45396, Sigma-Aldrich), propoxur (#45644, Sigma-Aldrich), bendiocarb (#45336, Sigma-Aldrich) and fipronil (#46451, Sigma-Aldrich) were used in the experiments. A series of dilutions of each insecticide that caused the death of 0–100% of 3–5-day-old adult females were prepared and impregnated on filter papers according to the WHO procedure [23 ]. Briefly, 2 mL of the desired concentration of the selected insecticide solubilized in acetone and mineral oil were introduced onto a sheet of filter paper (Whatman no. 1, 15 x 12 cm). The papers were then dried overnight and wrapped in aluminium foil. The control paper was impregnated with only acetone and mineral oil.
4
Insecticide Susceptibility Testing Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
WHO susceptibility test kit tubes, with impregnated papers, pyrethroid (PY) control in Silicone oil; permethrin 0.25%, 1.25%, 2.5%; deltamethrin 0.03%, 0.15%, 0.3%; lambda-cyhalothrin 0.03%, 0.15%, 0.3%; etofenprox 0.5%, 2.5%; organophosphates (OP)/ carbamate (Carb) control in olive oil; malathion 0.8%; pirimiphos-methyl 0.21% were purchased from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Vector Control Research Unit, Infotech (Pinang, Malaysia), which is the only entity approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) to supply insecticide kits (mosquito diagnostic test kit WHO/VBC/81.806) and materials for regular entomological surveillance in public health. Analytical grade bendiocarb (> 95%; Sigma, Aldrich, Ca. USA), and (99.7%; Sigma, Aldrich, Ca. USA) acetone were also employed. Black plastic cups and pellon paper, which were used as ovitraps (described below) and egg papers respectively, were locally sourced in Kingston, Jamaica.
5
Pesticide Stability in Organic Tomatoes
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Fresh organic tomatoes and corn oil (Mazola) were both obtained from a nearby supermarket. Bendiocarb, parathion, chlorpyrifos, mucin, pepsin, porcine lipase, and porcine bile extract were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Log P values of the pesticides were predicted using the XLogP3 model available from PubChem [38 ,39 ,40 ]. Whey protein isolate (WPI) was purchased from Agropur (Le Sueur, MN). A laboratory-scale water-purification system was utilized to prepare the double distilled water (Nanopure Infinity system, Barnstaeas International, Dubuque, IA, USA). All chemicals utilized were of analytical grade.
6
Pesticide Residue Analysis Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pesticide reference standards including malathion, diazinon, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, omethoate, dimethoate, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, tetramethrin, cyfluthrin, fenvlarate, lamdacyhalothrin , lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, mixture endosulfan, dieldrin, endrin, o,P-DDT, carbaryl, carbofuran, bendiocarb, atrazine, imidacloprid, thiomethoxam and pendimethalin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich GmbH (Augsburg, Germany), Supelco and Bayer Crop Science , with certified purity ranging from 95% to 99%. Acetonitrile, acetone, sodium chloride, toluene, acetic acid and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). QuEChERS Finisterre micro centrifuge tube containing two or more of primary secondary amine (PSA), anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and graphed carbon black (GCB) with details of TR-Q2035 (150mg MgSO4, 25mg PSA, 2.5mg GCB) and TR-Q2015 (150mg MgSO4, 25mg PSA) were obtained from Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain). Piperonyl Butoxide (PPB) with certified purity 95% used as internal standard was obtained from Sigma Aldrich GmbH.
All the organic solvents used were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
All the organic solvents used were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
7
CDC Insecticide Susceptibility Assays
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
CDC bottle assays were performed following the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [39 ]. Analytical standard lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, 4,4°-DDT and bendiocarb (Pestanal Analytical standard, Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in pure acetone to diagnostic concentrations (Table 1 ). All bottles (treatment and controls) were coated with insecticides on the same day of each test. To assess insecticide susceptibility levels, up to 25 two-to-six day old non-blood-fed female mosquitoes were introduced into each bottle, with four insecticide-coated and one control bottle in total (tests with Ae. albopictus from Figueras and Llorenç del Penedes contained half the numbers).
8
Neurotransmitter Signaling Assay Protocols
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Bendiocarb (Pestanal, analytical standard), dl -octopamine hydrochloride (≥95.0%), phentolamine hydrochloride (≥98.0%, TLC), and (±)-menthol (racemic ≥ 98.0%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Luis, MI, USA). They were dissolved in ethanol to a concentration of 10 mM and next serial dilutions were made in physiological saline. H-89 and bisindolylmaleimide IX were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom). Chemicals were dissolved in DMSO to concentration 10 mM and then the serial dilutions were prepared in physiological saline.
Physiological saline contained in mM: NaCl – 210, KCl – 3.1, CaCl2 – 5, MgCl2 – 5.4, and Hepes – 5. The pH = 7.2 was adjusted with NaOH. Hepes were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The physiological saline components—NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, ethanol 96%, and DMSO—were obtained from Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne SA (Gliwice, Poland).
Acetyltiocholine chloride (99%, TLC, Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in physiological saline to 0.1 mM. The solution stopping AChE reaction was composed of 1 mM 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) and 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Thermo Fisher) diluted in water. Collagenase (from Clostridium histolyticum, type XI) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and was diluted to final concentration 2 mg/mL in physiological saline. streptomycin/penicillin (Roche) (50,000 U/mL penicillin G and 50 mg/mL streptomycin (as sulfate) in 0.9% NaCl) were dissolved in physiological saline to working solutions of 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Bovine serum (Sigma Aldrich) was diluted to 1% in physiological saline. Oregon Green BAPTA-1 (Thermo Fisher) was diluted in DMSO to 40 µM stock solution and then diluted in physiological saline to a working solution of 5 µM.
Physiological saline contained in mM: NaCl – 210, KCl – 3.1, CaCl2 – 5, MgCl2 – 5.4, and Hepes – 5. The pH = 7.2 was adjusted with NaOH. Hepes were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The physiological saline components—NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, ethanol 96%, and DMSO—were obtained from Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne SA (Gliwice, Poland).
Acetyltiocholine chloride (99%, TLC, Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in physiological saline to 0.1 mM. The solution stopping AChE reaction was composed of 1 mM 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) and 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Thermo Fisher) diluted in water. Collagenase (from Clostridium histolyticum, type XI) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and was diluted to final concentration 2 mg/mL in physiological saline. streptomycin/penicillin (Roche) (50,000 U/mL penicillin G and 50 mg/mL streptomycin (as sulfate) in 0.9% NaCl) were dissolved in physiological saline to working solutions of 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Bovine serum (Sigma Aldrich) was diluted to 1% in physiological saline. Oregon Green BAPTA-1 (Thermo Fisher) was diluted in DMSO to 40 µM stock solution and then diluted in physiological saline to a working solution of 5 µM.
9
Bendiocarb Insecticide Toxicity Assay
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Bendiocarb insecticide was dissolved in ethanol to the concentration of 0.1 M since its solubility in water is low. Serial dilutions of 1 mM, and subsequently 500, 200, 100, 50, 10, 1, 0.1 μM were then made in water (for toxicity tests) or in physiological saline (for electrophysiological experiments). Physiological saline contained in mM: NaCl -210, KCl -3.1, CaCl 2 -5, MgCl 2 -5.4, and Hepes -5. The pH = 7.2 was adjusted with NaOH. Menthol was dissolved in ethanol to the concentration of 0.1 M, then it was diluted in water or in physiological saline to the concentration of 1 μM and 0.1 μM. Bendiocarb (Pestanal, analytical standard), DL-octopamine hydrochloride, Phentolamine hydrochloride (≥98.0% (TLC), ( ± )-Menthol (racemic ≥98.0%), and Hepes were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The physiological saline components -NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 ) -were obtained from Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne. SA. Poland.
10
Insecticide Exposure Assay for Sand Flies
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Ten technical-grade insecticides were used in this study: four pyrethroids [cypermethrin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), deltamethrin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), lambda(λ)-cyhalothrin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and permethrin (Chem Service, Inc., West Chester, PA, USA)]; three organophosphates [chlorpyrifos (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), fenitrothion (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and malathion (Chem Service, Inc., West Chester, PA, USA)]; two carbamates [bendiocarb (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and propoxur (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)]; and the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). All insecticide dilutions were prepared in acetone, stored in glass bottles, wrapped in aluminum foil, and kept at 4 °C while not being used [8 ]. The concentrations of each insecticide used in these experiments are listed in (Table 1 ). Whole-value lethal concentrations causing 50 % and 90 % mortality for each insecticide and for each sand fly species from Denlinger et al. [34 (link)] were used as initial concentrations tested for determining diagnostic doses.
Concentrations of ten insecticides used to expose Lu. longipalpis and P. papatasi sand flies
| Insecticide (Insecticide classa) | Species | Concentration (μg insecticide/bottle) |
|---|---|---|
| cypermethrin (PYR) | Lu. longipalpis | 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 |
| P. papatasi | 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0, 65.0, 70.0, 75.0, 90.0, 95.0 | |
| deltamethrin (PYR) | Lu. longipalpis | 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0 |
| P. papatasi | 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0 | |
| λ-Cyhalothrin (PYR) | Lu. longipalpis | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 |
| P. papatasi | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 | |
| permethrin (PYR) | Lu. longipalpis | 5.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 20.0 |
| P. papatasi | 10.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | |
| chlorpyrifos (OP) | Lu. longipalpis | 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0 |
| P. papatasi | 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 | |
| fenitrothion (OP) | Lu. longipalpis | 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 24.0, 26.0, 28.0, 30.0, 32.0 |
| P. papatasi | 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 | |
| malathion (OP) | Lu. longipalpis | 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 |
| P. papatasi | 50.0, 75.0, 100.0, 125.0, 130.0, 135.0, 140.0, 145.0 | |
| bendiocarb (CX) | Lu. longipalpis | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 |
| P. papatasi | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, | |
| propoxur (CX) | Lu. longipalpis | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 10.0 |
| P. papatasi | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 7.0, 15.0 | |
| DDT (OC) | Lu. longipalpis | 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0, 250.0, 300.0, 350.0, 400.0, 450.0, 500.0, 550.0, 600.0, 630.0, 635.0, 640.0, 645.0, 650.0, 700.0 |
| P. papatasi | 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0, 350.0, 400.0, 450.0, 455.0, 460.0, 465.0, 470.0, 480.0, 490.0, 500.0, 550.0 |
aPYR, pyrethroid; OP, organophosphate; CX, carbamate; OC, organochlorine
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!
Request a quote
🧪 Need help with an experiment or choosing lab equipment?
I search the PubCompare platform for you—tapping into 40+ million protocols to bring you relevant answers from scientific literature and vendor data.
I search the PubCompare platform for you—tapping into 40+ million protocols to bring you relevant answers from scientific literature and vendor data.
1. Find protocols
2. Find best products for an experiment
3. Validate product use from papers
4. Check Product Compatibility
5. Ask a technical question
Want to copy this response? Upgrade to Premium to unlock copy/paste and export options.