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46 protocols using tinkercad

1

Fabrication of 3D Printed SpineRack Scaffolds

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SpineRack embedding scaffolds were designed using Autodesk TinkerCAD (https://www.tinkercad.com/; Autodesk) and printed from Ultimaker Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament (Ultimaker B.V.) on a dual extruder Ultimaker 3 printer. Ultimaker Cura software was used for slicing and printer setup (material: natural PVA; print core: BB 0.4; layer height: 0.15mm; print temp: 220°C, bed: 60°C; infill: 20%; build plate adhesion: brim 3mm).
For all results shown, we used SpineRacks with outer dimensions: 11mm x 11mm x 4.0mm, well size: 3.0mm x 3.0mm x 4.0mm, wall thickness: 0.5mm. Other dimensions are easily achieved. Print files are available for download (see key resources table).
PVA is hygroscopic and to prevent absorbance of moisture from room air filament and printed racks should be stored in the dark in an air tight container along with a desiccant. Under these conditions, we have found that SpineRacks can be stored for at least one year without qualitative changes, swelling or shrinking.
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2

3D-Printed PVA SpineRack Scaffolds

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SpineRack embedding scaffolds were designed using Autodesk TinkerCAD (https://www.tinkercad.com/; Autodesk) and printed from Ultimaker Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament (Ultimaker B.V.) on a dual extruder Ultimaker 3 printer. Ultimaker Cura software was used for slicing and printer setup (material: natural PVA; print core: BB 0.4; layer height: 0.15mm; print temp: 220°C, bed: 60°C; infill: 20%; build plate adhesion: brim 3mm).
For all results shown, we used SpineRacks with outer dimensions: 11mm x 11mm x 4.0mm, well size: 3.0mm x 3.0mm x 4.0mm, wall thickness: 0.5mm. Other dimensions are easily achieved. Print files are available for download (see key resources table).
PVA is hygroscopic and to prevent absorbance of moisture from room air filament and printed racks should be stored in the dark in an air tight container along with a desiccant. Under these conditions, we have found that SpineRacks can be stored for at least one year without qualitative changes, swelling or shrinking.
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3

3D Printing of Cylindrical Food Samples

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Samples were printed in the form of a cylinder that was 3 cm in diameter and 1, 2, and 3 cm in height. This figure was designed in Tinkercad (Tinkercad, Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) and transferred to the Slicer (Alessandro Ranellucci) program. In Slicer, the printing was configured with the following parameters: needle speed, 20 mm/s; layer height, 1.7 mm; and 100% straight filling.
To produce a 3D food printer (BCN 3D+, BCN3D Technologies, Barcelona, Spain) equipped with a pasta extruder nozzle designed for food materials (BCN3D Technologies, Barcelona, Spain), the 3D printing system consisted of an extrusion system (syringe) and an X-Y-Z positioning system using stepper motors. Printing was performed at room temperature with a nozzle diameter of 0.7 mm.
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4

FDM 3D Printing of Customized Devices

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Cylinders of 13 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height were graphically designed and sliced using free versions of Tinkercad® (Tinkercad.com/">https://www.Tinkercad.com/, Autodesk® Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) and Slic3r® (version 1.3.0, Rome, Italy) software, respectively. FDM Voolt 3D model Gi3 printer (Sao Paulo, Brazil) endowed with a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm was used to print the filaments chosen in Section 2.2. The printing temperature was 185 °C for the first layer and 180 °C for other layers. The temperature of the building platform was set at 65 °C, and five devices were printed at a time. The layer height was fixed at 0.2 mm, the infill density was 10% using a rectilinear pattern, and the printing speed was 15 mm s−1 for printing moves and 50 mm s−1 for travel speed.
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5

3D-Printed Renal Proximal Tubule Construct

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Bespoke culture chambers intended to generate a matrix comprising a reconstructed renal proximal tubule were designed using the open-access computer-assisted design (CAD) software TinkerCAD (Autodesk, San Francisco, CA, USA). The culture chambers were built in-house using small-scale additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, using a Prusa MK3S+ printer (Prusa Research, Prague, CZ). The bioplastic Polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen as the manufacturing material given its biocompatible and biodegradable properties. Each culture chamber consists of two compartments connected by a microchannel with a diameter of 0.5mm. Each 3D-printed construct comprises two culture chambers laid side by side. The cell compartment has a reverse–cone shape designed to direct the cells into the microchannel. The matrix compartment is rounded (diameter: 8mm, height: 3mm) well and was designed to generate a matrix-shaped in a disc format, compatible with the size of a 96-microplate. A microfilament with a diameter of 0.4mm is inserted into the microchannel, through the culture compartment, and generates a hollow tube after the matrix polymerizes. Design details of the culture chambers are found in supplementary information in Fig. 1 and Table 1, the original stl.file for 3D-printed purposes is also provided.
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6

3D Printing of Hydrogel Constructs

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A three-dimensional (3D) printer (Invivo, Rokit; Seoul, Korea) was used to fabricate various 3D constructs using an extrusion method. A disposable cartridge was used for printing OHA/GC/ADH/ALG hydrogels. Motor pressure was 300 N and a 25-guage needle was used as a nozzle. Printing speed and temperature were kept at 8 mm/s and 25 °C, respectively. Tinkercad® was used for modeling the 3D constructs (Autodesk; San Rafael, CA, USA). After 3D printing, calcium chloride was added to the printed construct for the formation of ionic cross-linking between ALG and the calcium ions ([Ca2+] = 60 mM). Then, any residual calcium ions were removed by washing the product with DPBS 3 times.
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7

3D Printing of Clay Gels

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This study employed a Moore 2 Pro Clay 3D printer from Shenzhen Tronxy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China, to print control and orange by-product gels. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) extruder technology was utilized in the printing process, with a precise X-Y-Z positioning system and an extrusion system controlled by stepper motors. The printing was carried out at a constant temperature of 25 °C. A 3 cm diameter and 1 cm height cylinder was designed using Tinkercad (software from Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA), and the Ultimaker Cura software (version 5.1.1 developed by Ultimaker B.V, Brooklyn, NY, USA) was employed to set the printing parameters. The following parameters were used: a rectilinear infill of 100%, a layer height of 1.2 mm, and a speed of 20 mm/s. All samples were printed using a 1.2 mm diameter nozzle.
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8

Shear Bond Strength of Y-TZP Ceramics

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Two self-adhesive resin cements, G-CEM LinkAce (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and RelyX U200 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), were used for the SBS test. The information on these cements is shown in Table 2. All of the disc-shaped Y-TZP specimens were distributed 40 per surface treatment group. For each group, half of the specimens were bonded with G-CEM LinkAce resin cylinder, and the rest were bonded with RelyX U200 resin cylinder. Each resin cylinder was made in a uniform size by injecting self-adhesive resin cement into a ready-made plastic jig (Ultradent Jig, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) with a diameter of 2.38 mm and a height of 3 mm, then light polymerized at 1000–1200 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds in three directions with an LED curing light (Elipar™ DeepCure-L, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). At this time, a custom-made positioning stand was used for the Y-TZP specimens embedded in acrylic resin. This stand was manufactured with a CAD program (Tinkercad, Autodesk Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) and a 3D printer (DIO PROBO, DIO inc., Busan, Korea) (Figure 3 and Figure 4).
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9

Design and 3D Printing of Microfluidic Chips

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The microfluidic chips were designed as previously described [20 (link)] using Tinkercad® (Autodesk®, San Francisco, CA, USA), with a total length of 8.2 cm, a width of 3.5 cm, and a height of 0.7 cm. Each microfluid chip was designed with two inlets consisting of two inlet channels (2 cm in length and 1 mm diameter) leading to a circular chamber, followed by a radiator shape channel (44 cm in length, 1 cm of internal diameter). The 3D design was exported into a standard tessellation language (.stl) digital file, which was imported into Anycubic Photon Slicer Software (Anycubic®, Shenzhen, China). The .stl file was sliced into a .pwmx file readable by the SLA printer.
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10

3D Printed Porous PVA Stents

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Porous tubular stents (25 mm length, 5 mm external diameter, and 3 mm internal diameter) were created with free computer aided design (CAD) software (Tinker-CAD, AutoDesk, San Francisco, CA, USA). 96 square pores (1 mm × 1 mm) were created in the stent design with 1 mm spacing between each pore. PVA filaments (AquaSolve™, Formfutura, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 1.75 mm diameter) were 3D printed into the designed stent pattern at 201 °C using a consumer grade 3D printed (MakerBot Replicator desktop 3D printer, MakerBot Industries LLC, Brooklyn, NY, USA) with supports turned off and raft turned on. PVA 3D printed stents were immersed in distilled water briefly to fuse layers, and cross-linked (XL) by placing the stents in a gas vapor desiccator with two separate containers containing 20 mL of 6.25% glutaraldehyde (GA) (EMD Millipore Corporation, Darmstadt, Germany) and 10 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA) at 42 °C for 24 h. XL-PVA stents were next rinsed extensively in distilled water and soaked in 70% ethanol for 24 h. XL-PVA stents were rinsed again and placed in 1X phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for storage.
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