L-arginine (>99%), NG,NG′-dimethyl-L-arginine di(p-hydroxyazobenzene-p′-sulfonate) (SDMA), perchloric acid (PCA), potassium tetraborate, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), and 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (ADMA, >98%) was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium-dihydrogen phosphate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), perchloric acid (PCA), hydrochloric acid (37%), ammonia (25%), ortho-phosphoric acid (85%), methanol, sodium hydroxide, and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Oasis MCX mixed-mode SPE columns (30 mg, 1 ml) were kindly supplied by Waters Denmark.
Perchloric acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Spain, India, China, Malaysia, Macao, Belgium, Switzerland
Perchloric acid is a strong oxidizing agent commonly used in analytical chemistry. It is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Perchloric acid is used in various laboratory applications, including sample digestion, oxidation reactions, and the preparation of perchlorate salts.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (44 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (43 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (39 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (30 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (26 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (22 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
382 protocols using perchloric acid
1
Quantification of Methylated Arginine Analogs
2
Potassium Dichromate Quantification Protocol
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The medium used for potassium dichromate was 0.001 N perchloric acid, which was diluted from a stock solution of perchloric acid (density = 1.53 kg L-1, weight percentage = 60%, Producer: Merck, Germany) with double-distilled water in a volumetric flask. The potassium dichromate powder was weighed and dissolved in 0.001 N perchloric acid in volumetric flasks to prepare 1,000 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 stock solutions. These stock solutions were further diluted to prepare eleven subsamples with the designed concentrations shown in Table 1 . Pipettes and falcon tubes were used for these further dilutions of stock solutions. Three sets of aforementioned stock solutions of potassium dichromate were prepared separately to repeat the absorbance measurements of the subsamples.
3
Striatal Dopamine Quantification via HPLC
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The rostral striatum (N = 10 per experimental group) was dissected through the lateral ventricle and placed within an Eppendorf containing 0.6 mL of ice-cold 0.1 M perchloric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA). After sonication, an aliquot of the homogenate (50 µL) was assayed for protein [85 (link)]. After centrifugation at 8000× g for 10 min, 20 µL of the clear supernatant was injected into an HPLC system where DA was analyzed as previously described [31 (link)], by using a reversed phase column (250 × 4.5 mm, C18, SGE) and two coulometric electrochemical detectors [31 (link)]. Reducing electrode was used for the quantitative analysis. The mobile phase consisted of a citrate-phosphate buffer (0.04 M citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA), 0.06 M Na2HPO4·2H2O) containing 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.6 mM 1-heptanesulphonic acid sodium salt and 10% methanol.
A standard curve was prepared using known amounts of DA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA) dissolved in perchloric acid (0.1 M) containing a constant amount (10 pg/μL) of the internal standard (DBA; Sigma-Aldrich) and it was calculated using regression analysis of the ratios of the peak areas (DA area/DBA area) for various concentrations recorded at the reducing electrode. Values are given as the mean ± S.E.M. of values obtained in each experimental group.
A standard curve was prepared using known amounts of DA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA) dissolved in perchloric acid (0.1 M) containing a constant amount (10 pg/μL) of the internal standard (DBA; Sigma-Aldrich) and it was calculated using regression analysis of the ratios of the peak areas (DA area/DBA area) for various concentrations recorded at the reducing electrode. Values are given as the mean ± S.E.M. of values obtained in each experimental group.
4
Measuring Putrescine Uptake in T Cells
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T cells (2 × 106) were suspended in 200 μl of PBS containing permeant putrescine (100 μM) and [1,4-14C]-putrescine dihydrochloride (0.2 μCi, ARC 0245) and then incubated at 37°C for 10 min (within the established linear phase of uptake). The uptake was stopped by loading all the transport mixture onto a discontinuous gradient of bromododecane and perchloric acid/sucrose and then centrifuged at 14, 000g for 90 s. The discontinuous gradient was prepared by overlaying 1-bromododecane (800 μl, Sigma-Aldrich) above 20% perchloric acid (100 μl, Sigma-Aldrich)/8% sucrose solution in a 1.5-ml microfuge tube. The samples were snap frozen in an ethanol-dry ice bath. The bottom part of the microfuge tubes containing T cell lysate in perchloric acid–sucrose was cut by a microfuge cutter. The cell lysates were diluted with 300 μl of 0.5% SDS–1% Triton X-100, and then transferred into scintillation vials with 10 ml of scintillation cocktail. The radioactivity was quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
5
Nitric-Perchloric Acid Digestion Protocol
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For the sample preparation, we utilized analytical grade nitric acid (65%, Sigma Aldrich) and perchloric acid (70%–72%, Sigma Aldrich) and the mixture was prepared in a 4:1 ratio of nitric acid and perchloric acid using a hot plate inside fuming hood. To ensure dryness, the temperature was slowly increasing for 2–3 h due to exothermic nature of the oily compounds that would burn with a flame. The procedure was repeated until the evolution of white fumes suggesting the end of the digestion process and dryness. After that, solutions were allowed to cool and filtered into a calibrated flask (100 mL) using Whatman no. 42 and diluted up to the mark.
6
Synthesis and Fabrication of EIP Thin Films
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EIP crystals are synthesized by evaporating the aqueous solution of imidazole hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) and perchloric acid (70%, Sigma-Aldrich) (molar ratio: imidazole hydrochloride/perchloric acid = 1/1). The EIP thin film devices are made by drop-casting method.
7
Colorimetric Assay for IDO Activity
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IDO activity was determined in wells exhibiting cell confluency greater than 70% using a colorimetric assay based on detection of kynurenine as described previously.29 (link),30 (link) Briefly, L-kynurenine standards (0–200 μM) were prepared in endothelial medium. Kynurenine in control, test, and standard samples was precipitated by incubation with 30% trichloroacetic acid at 50°C for 30 minutes and centrifuged at 2,000× g for 10 minutes. Visualization of signal took place by adding equal volumes of Ehrlich reagent to the supernatant and incubation at 65°C for 15 minutes. Ehrlich reagent was prepared using 6.2 mL 1-propanol, 1.5 mL distilled water, 2.6 mL of 70% perchloric acid, and 1.5 g of 4-dimethylbenzinamide, all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Absorbance was measured at 492 nm in a colorimetric plate reader.
8
Hydroxyproline Content Quantification
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The left lungs were removed and the sample was homogenized in 1 mL of PBS and hydrolyzed with 1 mL of HCl for 16 h at 120 °C. The supernatant was centrifuged at 10,000g for 5 min (Model 3740, KUBOTA, Tokyo, Japan), and 5 µL of the supernatant was aliquoted into a 96-well plate. After dispensing 5 µL hydroxyproline standard (Sigma-Aldrich) into each well of the 96-well plate, 5 µL citrate/acetate buffer (deionized distilled water supplemented with 238 mM Citric acid, Sigma-Aldrich, 1.2% glacial acetic acid, Sigma-Aldrich, 532 mM sodium acetate, Sigma-Aldrich, and 850 mM sodium hydroxide, Nacalai Tesque) and 100 µL chloramine T solution (1.0 mL deionized distilled water supplemented with 0.141 g chloramine T, Sigma-Aldrich, 1.0 mL 1-propanol, Sigma-Aldrich, and 8.0 mL citrate/acetate buffer) were added. After 30 min of incubation at 25 °C, 100 µL of Ehrlich's reagent (2.5 g 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, Sigma-Aldrich, 9.3 mL 1-propanol, and 3.9 mL 70% perchloric acid, Sigma-Aldrich) was added and the mixture was incubated at 65 °C for 30 min. After 5 min at 25 °C, the absorbance was measured at 550 nm using a plate reader (iMARK, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), as previously described [21 (link)].
9
Lipid Metabolism Regulation in NF2 Cells
10
Glycoprotein Analysis via Mass Spectrometry
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We used commercially available chemicals and reagents for all components of this analysis. Ammonium acetate, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) and water, iodomethane, 2-mercaptoethanol, monoclonal anti-HA agarose, neuraminidase, sodium acetate, trifluoroacetic acid, and 70% perchloric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sodium hydroxide was from Fisher Scientific and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from AMR-esco. Solid phase extraction disks were from Supelco and graphitized carbon material from Agela Technologies. N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) was purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA). The MALDI matrix, 2,5- dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB), was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL), Peptide Calibration Standard II from Bruker, and AGP standard protein from Abcam (Cambridge, MA).
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