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5 protocols using «dimethylsulfoxide»

1

Synthesis of β-CD-PAMAM Conjugates

2020
All starting materials were commercially available reagent grade and were used without any further purification. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), PAMAM dendrimer G1 (PAMAM G1), propargyl bromide solution (80% by weight in toluene), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (Cl-Ts), p-toluenesulfonic acid (OH-Ts), methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide anhydrous (DMF), anhydrous potassium carbonate (K2CO3), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ascorbic acid (H2Asc), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), Bio-Gel P-10 medium from BIO-RAD, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrochloride (HOBt·HCl), N,N-diisopropylethylamina (DIPEA), potassium iodide (KI), sodium azide (NaN3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH) and acetone (CH3COCH3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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2

Synthesis and Functionalization of Cyclotriphosphazenes

2020
All starting materials were commercially available reagent grade and were used without any further purification. Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (P3N3Cl6), 5-chloro-1-pentyne, 6-iodo-1-hexyne, hydroquinone, β-cyclodextrin (βCD), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (Cl-Ts), p-toluenesulfonic acid (OH-Ts), N,N-dimethylformamide anhydrous (DMF), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ascorbic acid (H2Asc), Bio-Gel P-10 medium from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA), potassium iodide (KI), sodium azide (NaN3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O), diisopropyl ether, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), tetrahydrofuran anhydrous (THF), hexane (HEX), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH) and acetone (CH3COCH3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Antioxidant Capacity Determination Protocol

2019
Potassium persulfate (99.5%), sodium carbonate (99%), Trolox (98%), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) (98%), Folin Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and Gallic acid (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, South Africa. Iron (III) chloride 6-hydrate (97%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.9%), Iron (II) sulfate 7-hydrate and acetic acid (87%); 2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) (99%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (96%), hydrochloric acid (35%), ascorbic acid (99%), sodium chloride (99.9%), and ethanol (99%) were purchased from BioRad, South Africa.
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4

Colorectal and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Viability

2017
Cell Titer 96 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-z-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrazolium bromide microculture tetrazolium technique) (Promega Corporation Cat.# G3580), Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell lines (HT-29) (Sigma-Aldrich) and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) (PromoCell, Germany), agarose (Bio-Rad), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) (GibThai, Thailand), foetal bovine serum (FBS 20%) (Stem Cell Technology, Canada), penicillin (100 U/mL) and streptomycin (100 μg/mL), tween-80, sodium bicarbonate, trypsin/EDTA, propidium iodide (PI), 1 mM L-glutamine, in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator were all used.
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5

Colorimetric MTT Assay for Osteoblast Proliferation

2012
The colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) assay was used to assess the effect of LF on proliferation of primary osteoblasts. Therefore, cells were seeded into 96-well tissue culture plates (Corning Inc., Corning, NY) at a density of 2.5 × 10 4 cells/ cm 2 . Twenty-four hours after subculturing, cells were changed to serum-free medium for a further 12 h before the addition of LF with different iron saturation levels. Fresh media and LF samples at different concentrations (10, 100, 1,000 μg/mL) were then added for a further 44 h. After the treatment period, MTT (5 mg/mL in PBS) was added to each cell. After a 4-h incubation, the supernatant was removed and dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma) was added to solubilize MTT for 4 h. After extraction with dimethylsulfoxide, the optical density was measured at 570 nm (plate reader, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA).
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