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Waveguard original

Manufactured by ANT Neuro
Sourced in Netherlands

The Waveguard original is a high-quality EEG headcap system designed for clinical and research applications. It provides a reliable and efficient way to capture brain activity data. The product's core function is to facilitate the acquisition of EEG signals from the scalp, without any interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.

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7 protocols using waveguard original

1

Assessing Upper Limb Motor Function: EEG and EMG Recordings

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Participants were fitted with an EEG cap with 64 electrodes (waveguard original, ANT Neuro). Additionally, participants were fitted with electrodes on three muscles of the right upper extremity: first dorsal interosseous (FDI), biceps brachii, and anterior deltoid.
Participants completed three trials of the BBT with the right hand (Fig. 1). The BBT requires a participant to transfer as many small wooden blocks as possible across a 15.2 cm tall barrier with the designated testing hand, during 1 min of testing (Mathiowetz et al., 1985 (link)). One hundred and fifty 2.5 cm3 wooden blocks were placed in random orientations in the partition on the side of the testing hand. A participant's score was equal to the number of blocks moved over the barrier, to an identical, but empty partition, in 1 min. The experimenter instructed the participants to move the blocks as quickly as possible and encouraged them throughout each trial.
Participants completed five trials of one subset of the PPT, in which they used only their right hand to transfer metal pegs from their starting position, in the upper right-hand side of the board, to the right column with small holes spaced along the length of the board (Fig. 1). Each participant was instructed to transfer as many pegs as possible in 30 s.
The experimenter performed one trial of the BBT and PPT to show the participant how to perform it properly.
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2

EEG Recording During Endurance Cycling

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The EEG signals were continuously recorded with a conventional gel-based cap (Waveguard original, ANT Neuro) with 64 AgCl electrodes in a layout based on the extended international 10–20 system for electrode placement (Jurcak et al., 2007 (link)). CPz and AFz were used as reference and ground, respectively. Nasion, inion, and preauricular points were used as anatomical landmarks to position the EEG cap. Conductive gel for electrophysiological measurements was used (OneStep Cleargel, H+H Medizinprodukte), and impedance was kept below 10 kΩ (6.11 ± 2.18 kΩ) to comply with current standards in cognitive neurosciences. The EEG cap was connected to an EEG mobile amplifier (eego sports, ANT Neuro b. v., Hengelo, Netherlands), and the sampling rate was 1,024 samples/s, using the corresponding eego software (ANT Neuro b. v., Hengelo, Netherlands). A Monark Cycle-Ergometer (939 E, Monark Exercise AB, Vansbro, Sweden), power-controlled by an external device (Fitmate-PRO, Cosmed, Rome, Italy), was used for the endurance cycling task. Two qualified researchers collected the data. The data collection occurred in a quiet and safe environment to guarantee the participants’ comfort.
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3

Steady-State VEP Stimulation Protocol

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A 52-inch (LE-52F9BD, Samsung Corp, Seoul, South Korea) full-array LED-backlight liquid crystal display (LCD) with a native resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels, maximum luminance of 350 cd/m2, and refresh rate of 60 Hz was used as the stimulator. The luminance stability was proven using a spectroradiometer (specbos 1201, JETI Technische Instrumente GmbH, Jena, Germany), and the frequency stability using a PIN photodiode (BPX 65, Siemens, Munich, Germany) and oscilloscope (TDS 3054, Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, USA). Stimuli were generated by means of self-developed stimulation software. The steady-state VEPs were recorded with a 64-channel EEG system (waveguard original, ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands). In order to synchronize the stimulation with the EEG recording, we used a PIN photodiode placed in the lower left corner of the stimulator, connected to a bipolar channel of the EEG system. The subjects were placed in front of the stimulator with their heads fixated in a chin-forehead rest to ensure a central and constant eye position at a distance of 50 cm, as well as to suppress motion artifacts (Fig 1).
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4

High-Density 64-Channel EEG Acquisition

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EEG data were acquired with a 64-channel EEG cap (Waveguard Original, ANT Neuro b.v., Enschede, Netherlands) and a mobile EEG amplifier (eego sports, ANT Neuro b.v., Enschede, Netherlands) at a sampling rate of 1,024 Hz. The 64-electrode configuration was set according to the international 10–20 system. The reference and ground electrodes were placed on CPz and AFz, respectively. Most electrodes (about 65%) had impedances <5 KΩ.
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5

High-Density 128-Channel EEG Recording

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Continuous 128-channel EEG was recorded using the Micromed recording system (Micromed SystemPlus Evolution, Mogliano Veneto, Italy) and an Ag/AgCl electrode cap (waveguard™ original, ANT Neuro, Hengelo, Netherlands) at a sampling rate of 1,024 Hz with FPz as the reference electrode and AFFz as the ground electrode. Two additional horizontal EOG electrodes were attached to the outer canthi of each eye. Electrode impedance was kept below 20 kΩ. Electrode positions and head shape were acquired for each participant using the xensor™ digitizer (ANT Neuro, Hengelo, Netherlands).
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6

High-Density 128-Channel EEG Recording

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Continuous 128‐channel EEG was recorded with an Ag/AgCl electrode cap (waveguard™original, ANT Neuro, Hengelo, Netherlands) and the Micromed recording system (Micromed SystemPlus Evolution, Mogliano Veneto, Italy). All electrodes were referenced to FPz and grounded at AFFz. Electrooculogram was recorded using two additional horizontal electrodes placed to the outer canthi of each eye. The sampling rate was 1024 Hz. Electrode impedance was below 20 kΩ. Using the xensor™ digitizer (ANT Neuro, Hengelo, Netherlands) the 3D head shape and electrode positions were digitized for each participant.
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7

Multimodal Gait Analysis with EEG

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Three-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded from the walker with force plates beneath the right and left belts of the treadmill at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The GRF data were low-pass filtered (5 Hz cutoff, zero-lag Butterworth filter). MATLAB 2019a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) was used to perform all the post-processing analyses offline.
EEG signals were recorded from 61 channels using an EEG cap (Waveguard original, ANT Neuro b.v., Enschede, Netherlands) according to the international 10-10 system layout (Fig. 1D) and an EEG amplifier (eego sports, ANT Neuro b.v., Enschede, Netherlands) at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz. Ground and reference electrodes were placed on AFz and CPz. Impedances of the electrodes were kept below 30 kΩ (10 kΩ in most electrodes), which was substantially lower than the recommended impedance (below 50 kΩ) for the high-impedance EEG amplifier.
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