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54 protocols using Mydriacyl

For all animals in the high-dose and control groups, the appearance of the animal eyes was made an ocular inspection before administration, at the final week of the administration period, and at the final week of the recovery period. After the ocular inspection, the pupil was dilated using a mydriatica [1 % Mydriacyl (Tropicamide 1%), Alcon, Belgium], and an ophthalmological examination was performed using an ophthalmoscope (Genesis, Kowa, Japan).
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Visual acuity, measured with well-lit Snellen tumbling-E vision charts (Shantou City Medical Equipment, Ltd., Shantou, China), was conducted separately for each eye at a distance of 5 m. The nontested eye was covered, and the right eye was tested first. A single optotype of each size was presented, starting at 6/30. If a letter was not identified, testing began 2 lines above, with the child reading all optotypes on the line sequentially. Correct identification of more than half of the letters on a given line determined the acuity level. Cycloplegic refraction was applied by dropping cyclopentolate 1% (Cyclogel; Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) and tropicamide 1% (Mydriacyl; Alcon Laboratories) into each eye four times, with a 5-min interval between each drop. After confirmation of pupillary dilation to at least 8 mm, autorefraction (RK-F1 Refractometer/Keratometer; Canon, Inc., Tochigi, Japan) was performed. Following this, an ophthalmologist examined the autorefraction outcomes of each eye and adjusted them as needed. Based on these modified outcomes, spectacles were prescribed. Follow-up visits every 3 or 6 months were recommended for all children.
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The pupil was dilated using tropicamide 0.5% (Mydriacyl; Alcon Laboratories). Participants were adapted to ambient light in the clinic for at least 10 minutes (average 400 lux) followed by 1 minute of blue background light. Monocular, full-field stimulation was produced using the RETeval device. The stimuli consisted of brief (≤4 ms), red flashes (1.7 cd.s/m2) on a steady blue background (photopic 10 cd/m2). One hundred flashes were delivered at a frequency of 2 Hz, which has been found to achieve a good balance between testing time and signal quality.27 Signals were acquired at a sampling frequency of 2 kHz. Photopic luminance was calibrated using an International Light Photometer (model ILT-1700; International Light Technologies, Newburyport, MA).
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Mice were anaesthetised as for ABR testing. To induce dilation of the pupils, 1% Mydriacyl (Alcon Laboratories, NSW, Australia) was applied to the eyes along with an eye lubricant, GenTeal (Novartis, NSW, Australia). A slit lamp was used to examine the anterior segments of each eye. Examination of the retina and optic discs was performed using the slit lamp by placing a cover slip over the cornea. GenTeal between the cornea and cover slip functioned as an ocular medium.
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Six weeks old male Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with 130 mmHg isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) into the right eye for 50 min under general
anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced and maintained by mask using 2–3% isoflurane (delivered in 100% oxygen). Topical 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride
(Alcaine®, Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) was applied for corneal anesthesia. No procedure was done on the contralateral eye (left
eye), served as a control. As a prevention against bleeding from iris, the pupils were dilated with topical 0.5% tropicamide (Mydriacyl®, Alcon). The
intraocular pressure (IOP) was raised to 130 mmHg by cannulation of the anterior chamber with a 30-gauge needle connected to a hydrostatic pressure device
containing sterile 0.9% NaCl (isotonic saline solution) for 50 min [27 (link)].
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After answering the STAI, patients were randomly assigned to two groups, both provided with an identical MP3 player and canal-type stereo earphones (see Figure 1). In the intervention group, binaural beats (Happiness Frequency 10 Hz Binaural Beats, Greenred Production) were utilized, while the control group had no audio. Earphones were positioned 10 min before the start of surgery.
The dilation regime was topical tropicamide 1% (Mydriacyl, Alcon, Puurs, Belgium) and phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5% (Mydfrin, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA). Topical anaesthesia consisted of proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Alcaine, Alcon, Puurs, Belgium). All patients were also given non-preserved intracameral lidocaine hydrochloride 1% at the commencement of the surgery. No oral or intravenous sedation was used. Phacoemulsification was performed in the standard manner by a single surgeon blinded to allocation group. Immediately after the surgery, patients completed the VAS, followed by the STAI.
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ERG recording was performed as previously described [32 (link)]. In brief, after dark adaption overnight, mice were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (20 mg/kg), and the pupils were dilated with 1% mydriacyl (Alcon). Eyes were kept moist by treating with 3% Hypromellose lubricating gel solution in both corneas before performing the ERG recording using the Celeris ERG system (Diagnosys, USA). We first performed the scotopic ERG on dark-adapted mice with different light intensities at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 3 cd s/m2. After 10-min light adaptation under background intensity at 30 cd s/m2, photopic ERG was recorded at 3 and 10 cd s/m2 light intensities. Ten sweeps were acquired with each light stimulus. The distance between the baseline and the negative peak were measured as the amplitude of ERG a-wave, and the amplitude of b-wave was calculated between the bottom of the a-wave and the top of the tallest curve.
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Both wild type mice (C57BL/6J) and mice carrying pathogenic variants in the Mitf gene were examined in this study. All mice examined were females, 22–25 grams in weight, and had free access to food and drinking water during maintenance. All experiments were approved by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority (MAST licence No. 2017‐04‐03). Animals were kept in a 12‐hour light : 12‐hour dark cycle. The mice were 3 months of age at the time the experiments were carried out. Mice were anaesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg ketamine and 4 mg/kg xylazine prior to imaging. Corneal anaesthesia and mydriasis were produced using tetracaine (1% MINIMS, Bausch&Lomb) and tropicamide (10 mg/ml Mydriacyl, Alcon Laboratories) respectively. Methylcellulose (2% Methocel, OmniVision) along with contact lenses were applied to the cornea afterwards, to ensure that the cornea remained moist and to prevent formation of cataract (Ridder 3rd et al. 2002 (link)). All experimental procedures were carried out in compliance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Visual Research.
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Electroretinography was conducted bi-weekly post-operation until the end of the study on day 30. Before it was carried out, the rats were dark-adapted overnight. Electroretinography was conducted in a dark room throughout the test. Firstly, the rats were completely anesthetized. The pupils were dilated with Mydriacyl (1% tropicamide) (Alcon, TX, United States), and Alkaine (0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride) (Alcon, TX, United States) anesthetic eyedrops were then given. Silver chloride loop electrodes were placed on each eye, while the reference and ground electrodes were attached to the ear and tail, respectively. After carefully wheeling the rat onto the platform of the RETI-port Roland Consult ERG instrument, the test was initiated. Five light intensities were used for the full-field scotopic measurement, i.e., the 0.003, 0.03, 0.03 (9 hz flicker), 0.3, and 3.0 cd.s/m2 flash intensities. An average of 10–20 flashes per intensity was averaged and processed using the RETI-port system.
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Mice were dark-adapted >2 hours and anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane at a flow rate of 1.0 L/min. Pupils were topically dilated with 1.0% tropicamide (Mydriacyl; Alcon, New York, NY, USA) and mice were placed on a heated platform, with artificial tears used to keep the eye hydrated (Systane, Alcon, TX, USA). Scotopic responses were stimulated at light intensity increments of 0.01 cd·s/m2 (50 repetitions averaged), 0.1 cd·s/m2 (30 repetitions), or 1.0 cd·s/m2 (25 repetitions) by using the TOUCH/TOUCH protocol with the Diagnosys Celeris ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA, USA). ERGs were recorded from both eyes simultaneously by placing the electrode/stimulators in contact with each cornea. The peak of the ERG a-waves (first negative ERG component) and b-waves (first positive ERG component) were quantified automatically by using the Espion software supplied.
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