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18 protocols using doxorubicin

1

Combination Regimens for Murine Cancer Models

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The combination regimen used for the MC38 colon adenocarcinoma mouse model was capecitabine (Actavis Group PTC ehf) administered per os 5 days a week at a dose of 250mg/kg and oxaliplatin (Mylan), injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 5 mg/kg + anti-PD-1 (RMP1-14, BioXCell), injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. For the metastatic 4T1 breast cancer mouse model, the combination was cyclophosphamide (Baxter) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 100 mg/kg + doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 2 mg/kg + anti-PD-1 (RMP1-14, BioXCell) or anti-PD-L1 (10F.9G2, BioXCell), injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. For bladder cancer mouse models, the MVAC regimen consisted in a combination of methotrexate (Mylan) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 1 mg/kg + vinblastine (EG Labo) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg + doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 1 mg/kg + cisplatine (Mylan) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 1 mg/kg, + anti-PD-L1 (10F.9G2, BioXCell) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg and + anti-PD-1 (RMP1-14, BioXCell) injected i.p. once a week at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg for MB49 mouse model.
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2

Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Mucositis

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Mucositis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare, Devon UK), diluted 1:1 with isotonic saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Mice in the control group received an equal volume of isotonic saline. The humane endpoint was set a priori at a 20% weight loss. If mice treated with doxorubicin lost less than 5% body weight, they were excluded due to assumed injection error as previously described (23 (link), 24 (link)). Weight was measured as the percent change versus baseline and presented as mean ± standard deviation.
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3

Comprehensive Cancer Drug Protocol

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Olaparib (AZD2281; #S1060), niraparib (MK-4827; #S2741), rucaparib (#AG-014699) veliparib (ABT-888; #S1004), talazoparib (BMN 673; #S7048), phosphate (#S1098), verapamil (CP-16533-1) HCl (#S4202), SN-38 (NK012; #S4908) and MK-571 (#S8126) were purchased from Selleckchem (Munich, Germany). Cisplatin (1 mg/mL), doxorubicin, paclitaxel (6 mg/mL), and topotecan (1 mg/mL) were purchased from Accord Healthcare GmbH (Munich, Germany). Diphenhydramine-hydrochloride (DIPH; D3630-5G), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; #129925-5G), and treosulfane (Trecondi; #SML1252) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) was purchased from Elblandkliniken Stiftung & Co. KG (Riesa, Germany).
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4

Tumor Growth Modulation in Mice

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Mouse melanoma (B16F0, ATCC; mycoplasma free) or mouse lung carcinoma (CMT19T, CR-UK Cell Production; mycoplasma free) cells (1 × 106) were injected subcutaneously in the flank of Pdgfb-iCreER;Fakfl/fl mice and wild-type control mice (Pdgfb-iCreER;non-floxed or Fakfl/fl). Simultaneously, animals were given a soy-free diet (Harlan) to reduce oestrogen levels and increase tamoxifen sensitivity. At days 7 and 8 after tumour inoculation, once tumour growth had begun, all mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 150 μl of 10 mg ml−1 of tamoxifen (Sigma, T5648) diluted in10% ethanol in peanut oil (Sigma) to induce endothelial-cell FAK deletion. From day 8 onwards, all animals were fed with tamoxifen-containing diet (TAM400, Harlan). All animals with B16F0 subcutaneous tumours were injected i.p. with 8 mg kg−1 of doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare) or PBS as a negative control on days 9, 11 and 13 after tumour-cell inoculation. Alternatively, animals with subcutaneous CMT19T tumours were irradiated with 5Gy of γ-irradiation on day 10 after tumour injection. For both tumour types calliper measurements were taken over time and animals were killed when tumours reached the maximum size allowed by UK Home Office regulations.
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5

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Doxorubicin

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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco. Penicillin-streptomycin and trypsin-EDTA were obtained from Bioidea. Doxorubicin was obtained from Accord Healthcare. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) (ab113851) was purchased from Abcam. Glutathione (GSH) assay kit (ZB-GSH-48A) was purchased from ZellBio GmbH, Germany. Trypan blue, HCl and HNO3 were obtained from Merck.
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6

Cell Viability Screening of Compounds

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Twenty-four hours before adding the tested compounds, all cell lines were seeded in 96-well plates (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) in appropriate media with 104 cells per well. All cell lines were exposed to each tested agent at four different concentrations in the range 100–0.01 μg/mL for 72 h. Cells were also exposed to the reference drug cisplatin (Teva Pharmaceuticals Polska, Warsaw, Poland) and doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare Limited, Middlesex, UK). Additionally, all cell lines were exposed to DMSO (solvent used for tested compounds) (POCh, Gliwice, Poland) at concentrations corresponding to those present in tested agents’ dilutions. After 72 h sulforhodamine B assay (SRB) was performed [37 (link)].
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7

Chemotherapeutic Agents Protocol

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Amiloride hydrochloride was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, United Kingdom) and resuspended at a stock concentration of 100 mM with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri). Doxorubicin and carboplatin (both from Accord Healthcare, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada) were obtained from the Ontario Veterinary College pharmacy and maintained at their stock concentrations of 2 and 10 mg/mL, respectively, in isotonic solution. Pifithrin‐μ was purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich and maintained in UltraPure DNase/RNase‐free distilled water at 1 mM.
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8

Endothelial Cell Cytokine Profiling

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Wild-type and FAK-null endothelial cells or transfected wild-type endothelial cells were grown in normal MLEC media supplemented or not with 0.125 μM doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare) or irradiated (5Gy). After 48 h of serum starvation, whole-cell lysates were extracted at 48 h (for doxorubicin-treated endothelial cells) and 72 h (for irradiated endothelial cells). Mouse cytokine arrays (Proteome Profiler ARY006, R&D Systems) were processed according to the manufacturer's instructions using 100 μg of lysates (in 3% SDS, 60 mM sucrose, 65 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8) per membrane. Pixel analysis was used for quantification with Image J software.
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9

Antibody Characterization for TGF-β Signaling

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Antibodies used in this study included: YAP (#14074), β actin (#4967S), pSmad2 (#3108), and Smad2 (#5339) or Smad2/3 (#5678) for pSmad2 normalization (all from Cell Signaling Technology, New England Biolabs, Ltd., Whitby, ON, Canada). TβR1 (v-22) (#sc-398) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). TβRII (ab612143), anti-Histone H3 (phospho S10, ab5176), pSmad3 (ab52903), and Smad3 (ab28379) were purchased from Abcam. TAZ/WWTR1 antibody (HPA007415) and secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase (A0545), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). rhTGFβ1 (PHG9204) was purchased from Invitrogen, Life Technologies (Burlington, ON, Canada). LY2157299 (Cayman Chemicals) was purchased from Cedarlane (Burlington, ON, Canada). Doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare, Kirkland, QC, Canada) was obtained from the Ontario Veterinary College Pharmacy.
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10

Cytotoxic Drugs Evaluation Protocol

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Cytotoxic drugs doxorubicin (DOX, TEVA), PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin Caelyx® (PLD, Janssen) and Cisplatin (CDDP, Accord Healthcare) were purchased directly from the manufacturers. The compounds used in the DT40 cytotoxicity assays were purchased from Selleckchem (olaparib), Sigma-Aldrich (paclitaxel, SN-38, doxorubicin) or Accord Healthcare (PLD, 5-FU) or TEVA (etoposide). Daunorubicin was a kind gift from Dr. Gábor Mező (ELTE, Hungary).
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