Evolution 220 spectrophotometer

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany

The Evolution 220 spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument used for the analysis and quantification of chemical and biological samples. It measures the absorption or transmission of light by a sample, providing data on the concentration or characteristics of the analytes present. The Evolution 220 is designed for a range of applications in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and life sciences.

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Spelling variants of this product

Evolution 220 (150 citations) Evolution 220 UV-vis spectrophotometer (18 citations) Evolution 220 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (13 citations) Evolution 201/220 UV–Visible Spectrophotometer (5 citations) Thermo Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer (3 citations) Evolution 201 and 220 UV-Vis spectrophotometers (2 citations) Evolution 201/220 spectrophotometer (2 citations) Evolution 220 UV spectrophotometer (2 citations)

23 protocols using evolution 220 spectrophotometer

Multimodal Spectroscopic Analysis of Cells

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ICP–Optical
Emission Spectroscopy (OES) determination of the Cu content was performed
in Chemical, Molecular and Analysis Centre, National University of
Singapore with Optima ICP–OES (PerkinElmer, Watham, MA, USA).
The absorbance of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was measured
by synergy H1 hybrid multimode microplate reader (Bio-Tek, Winoosky,
VT, USA). Cu and Re contents in cells were determined by Agilent 7700
Series ICP–MS (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Flow cytometry was performed on BD LSRFortessa Cell Analyzer (BD Biosciences,
Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Western blot images were generated from
G:Box (Syngene, Cambride, UK). The UV–vis spectrophotometric
measurements were performed on a Hewlett Packard 8452A diode array
spectrophotometer and a Thermo Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer.
CW-EPR spectra were recorded with a BRUKER EleXsys E500 spectrometer.
In situ ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV–vis–NIR)
spectroelectrochemical measurements were performed on a spectrometer
(Avantes, Model AvaSpec-2048x14-USB2.

Ohui K., Afanasenko E., Bacher F., Ting R.L., Zafar A., Blanco-Cabra N., Torrents E., Dömötör O., May N.V., Darvasiova D., Enyedy É.A., Popović-Bijelić A., Reynisson J., Rapta P., Babak M.V., Pastorin G, & Arion V.B. (2018). New Water-Soluble Copper(II) Complexes with Morpholine–Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids: Insights into the Anticancer and Antibacterial Mode of Action. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 62(2), 512-530.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Encapsulated ICG

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The synthesis of amphiphilic HA-aminopropyl-1-pyrenebutanamide (HA-PBA), preparation of NanoICG from the entrapment of ICG during HA-PBA self-assembly, and quantification of ICG in NanoICG were performed based on the literature.[17 ,22 ] The mean hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potential of NanoICG was determined using a Zetasizer Nano instrument (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). NanoICG was prepared at 0.34 mg/mL for size determination and 0.06 mg/mL for the determination of UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission. An Evolution 220 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA) was used for scanning absorbance spectra (600–900 nm) and a FluoroMax-4 spectrofluorometer (Horiba, Edison, NJ, USA) was used for quantifying fluorescent intensity of ICG, NanoICG, and disassembled NanoICG.

Qi B., Crawford A.J., Wojtynek N.E., Holmes M.B., Souchek J.J., Almeida-Porada G., Ly Q.P., Cohen S.M., Hollingsworth M.A, & Mohs A.M. (2018). Indocyanine green loaded hyaluronan-derived nanoparticles for fluorescence-enhanced surgical imaging of pancreatic cancer. Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 14(3), 769-780.

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Quantifying Iron Speciation in Dechlorination Cultures

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After the reductive dechlorination experiment, iron levels in culture solutions were analyzed using 1,10-phenanthroline method (The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 2005 ). Concentrations of total iron, soluble iron and ferrous iron ion were first determined; the concentration of insoluble iron was determined as the difference between the concentrations of total iron and soluble iron. To analyze the total iron concentration, culture solutions were digested with HCl before the 1,10-phenanthroline reaction. For soluble iron determinations, the culture solutions were filtered (Millex-GP filter unit, 0.22 µm; Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) and digested with HCl before the 1,10-phenanthroline reaction. For ferrous iron ion determinations, the culture solutions were filtered as above and analyzed without HCl digestion. The absorbance of the phenanthroline iron (II) complex in solution was measured at 510 nm using Evolution 220 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The iron concentrations were calculated based on a calibration curve prepared using Fe (NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂·6H₂O solutions. The detection limit of iron was 0.2 mg/L.

Yoshikawa M., Zhang M., Kawabe Y, & Katayama T. (2021). Effects of ferrous iron supplementation on reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and on methanogenic microbial community. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 97(5), fiab069.

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Characterization of C-dot-PVDF Composite

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Functional groups of the C-dots, PVDF and C-dot-PVDF composite were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) through attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR using a Thermo Scientific, Nicolet 6700 spectrometer (USA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the composite sample were obtained on a JEOL SEM (Tokyo, Japan, JSM-7400F). For SEM imaging, the sample was coated with iridium and imaged at different magnifications. Membrane hydrophobicity was analyzed by measuring the water contact angles (WCA) using a contact angle meter (Attension Theta Lite, Biolin Scientific, Finland). The contact angles were measured with 4 µl water deposition on triplicate membrane surfaces at different positions for each sample, and average WCA was calculated. Absorbance spectra of the membranes were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible (uv–vis) absorbance measurements on a Thermo Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer. Photothermal properties of the membranes were evaluated by irradiating the samples with a solar simulator (Sciencetech, AX-LA125, ASTM Class-AAA) operating at 1 kW/m² intensity (AM 1.5 G) in the wavelength range of 300–2000 nm. Thermal imaging of the membranes to determine the temperature before and after illumination with solar-simulated light was carried out by a thermographic camera (FLIR i7).

Singh S., Shauloff N., Sharma C.P., Shimoni R., Arnusch C.J, & Jelinek R. (2021). Carbon dot-polymer nanoporous membrane for recyclable sunlight-sterilized facemasks. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 592, 342-348.

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Colorimetric Ninhydrin Assay for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

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The colorimetric ninhydrin assay was used to quantify the primary amine produced by deacetylation of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monosaccharide. Standard solution (0.1 mg/mL) of glucosamine was used to build the standard curve in acetate buffer (0.5 mL; pH 5.5; 4 M). deHA (0.5 mg) and s-deHA (0.5 mg) were used for the assay. The ninhydrin reagent was prepared by mixing 1 g ninhydrin, 0.12 g hydridantin, 23 mL of 2-methoxyethyl acetate with 12.8 mL of 4 N acetate buffer. The total volume of the sample was 2 mL, and this solution was heated in a boiling water bath for 15 min. The reaction mixture was cooled subsequently to rt followed by measuring the absorbance at 570 nm. Absorption and spectra were recorded on Evolution 220 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific) in quartz cells with the optical path length of 10.0 mm at 25°C.

Bhattacharya D., Svechkarev D., Souchek J.J., Hill T.K., Taylor M.A., Natarajan A, & Mohs A.M. (2017). Impact of structurally modifying hyaluronic acid on CD44 interaction. Journal of materials chemistry. B, 5(41), 8183-8192.

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Quantifying Superoxide Radicals in Photocatalysis

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The amount of superoxide anion radicals (•O₂⁻) during the photocatalytic process was determined by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT, 2.5 × 10⁻⁵mol/L). NBT exhibits an absorption maximum at 265 nm, which can be detected by UV-vis spectrophotometer, however, the product of •O₂⁻ with NBT does not16 (link). The test procedures were as follows: Firstly, NBT was dissolved in H₂O with a concentration of 2.5 × 10⁻⁵mol/L. Then, 0.20 g of the obtained catalyst was dispersed in 200 mL of the NBT solution. Irradiation experiments were carried out under visible light for 20 min, and sampled at an interval of 5min. Finally, the suspension was centrifuged, filtered, and measured on Thermofisher Evolution 220 spectrophotometer.

Wang X.J., Zhao Y., Li F.T., Dou L.J., Li Y.P., Zhao J, & Hao Y.J. (2016). A Chelation Strategy for In-situ Constructing Surface Oxygen Vacancy on {001} Facets Exposed BiOBr Nanosheets. Scientific Reports, 6, 24918.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Novel Compounds

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¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra for compounds were obtained in DMSO-d₆, using a Bruker AMX-500 NMR spectrometer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained on a HITACHI H-7000 FA transmission electron microscope. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS–ESI) spectra were recorded on a Bruker micro TOF-Q instrument. The magnetic properties were measured at 300 K with a vibrating sample magnetometer (SQUID-VSM, Quantum Design, American). In vitro fluorescence images of cells were recorded on a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, Nikon, Japan). The surface areas were measured by an ASAP-2020 physisorption apparatus (Micromeritics, American). The UV–Vis absorption spectra were determined by an Evolution 220 spectrophotometer (Thermofisher Scientific). The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured by a Malvern Zetasizer 90. The metal contents in cells and tissues were tested by ICP-MS (FLEXAR NEXLON300X).

Huang X., Yuan Y., Ruan W., Liu L., Liu M., Chen S, & Zhou X. (2018). pH-responsive theranostic nanocomposites as synergistically enhancing positive and negative magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 16, 30.

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Evaluating IBUP Release Profiles

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In order to evaluate the release profiles of IBUP, both after dynamic and external activated drug release studies, UV-Vis analysis was performed by an Evolution 220 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany). The absorption spectra of supernatants resulted after drug release studies were recorded in the range of 200–400 nm. For qualitative analysis, we monitored the absorption bands at 265 and 274 nm, which are characteristic for IBUP molecules in the UV-Vis region [81 ,82 (link)].

Grumezescu V., Gherasim O., Negut I., Banita S., Holban A.M., Florian P., Icriverzi M, & Socol G. (2019). Nanomagnetite-embedded PLGA Spheres for Multipurpose Medical Applications. Materials, 12(16), 2521.

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Comprehensive Analytical Techniques for Materials Characterization

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NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker (400 MHz) instrument. GC–MS analyses were performed on PerkinElmer Clarus 680/600S. MS spectra were recorded on Maldi SYNAPT G2-S HDMS (Waters) spectrometer. UV–Vis spectra were recorded using Evolution220 spectrophotometer from Thermo Scientific. XPS spectra were recorded on PHI 5000 VersaProbe X-ray photoelectron spectrometer using an Al KR X-ray source. FT-IR spectra were recorded on Jasco 6200 instrument. SEM, STEM and EDX were recorded on FEI Nova NanoSEM 450.

Sashuk V, & Rogaczewski K. (2016). A halogen-free synthesis of gold nanoparticles using gold(III) oxide. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 18(9), 261.

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Yeast Growth on Glucose, Glycerol, Methanol

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The GS115 WT strain was pre-cultured in 5 mL YPD broth at 30 °C, 220 rpm for 24 h and followed by inoculating to an initial OD₆₀₀ of 0.1 in 250 mL shaking flasks containing 50 mL YPD (2% glucose), YPG (2% glycerol), or YPM (1% methanol) for 72 h. The optical absorbance (OD₆₀₀) of the culture was detected by an Evolution™ 220 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA), and each medium had three replicates.

Dou W., Zhu Q., Zhang M., Jia Z, & Guan W. (2021). Screening and evaluation of the strong endogenous promoters in Pichia pastoris. Microbial Cell Factories, 20, 156.

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