Patients, whose parents or guardians provided written approval, were first tested for visual acuity and identification for the presence of strabismus or nystagmus as part of their presedation procedure by an orthoptist. Following this, pupils were dilated with mydriatic eye drops of 1% tropicamide (Mydriacyl; Alcon Laboratories Inc, Fort Worth, TX, USA) and 2.5% phenylephrine (Mydfrin; Alcon Laboratories Inc).
Mydfrin
Manufactured by Alcon
Sourced in United States
Mydfrin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Alcon. It is designed to perform specific functions in a controlled laboratory environment.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mydriacyl, by Alcon (3 mentions)
Alcaine, by Alcon (3 mentions)
Tropamid, by Alcon (2 mentions)
Proparacaine hydrochloride, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Alcain, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Tono pen avia, by Reichert Technologies (1 mentions)
Stereotaxic frame, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions)
Tropicamide ophthalmic solution, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Isopto atropine, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Flaxedil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aerrane, by Baxter (1 mentions)
Dispase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rompun, by Bayer (1 mentions)
9 protocols using mydfrin
1
Evaluating Visual Function Pre-Sedation
2
Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening Protocol
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Babies smaller than 37 weeks of gestational age were examined for ROP. All babies were examined at 4–6 weeks after birth. ROP screening was performed after applying tropicamide 1% (Tropamid®, Bilimilaç®,Gebze, Turkey) and phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.5% (Mydfrin®, Alcon®, Fort Worth, TX) eye drops three times for pupillary dilatation. ROP screening was performed by an experienced ophthalmologist using binocular indirect ophthalmoscope combined with a scleral depressor after applying proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Alcaine®, Alcon®, Fort Worth, TX) eye drops as the topical anesthetic. The grading of the ROP status was made according to the international ROP classification.[ 1 (link)] For each infant, the status of ROP was recorded including the zone, stage, extent of the disease, and the presence or absence of plus disease in the study.[8 (link),10 (link),12 (link)] After ROP screening procedure, each infant was also graded according to the maximum stage of ROP in both eyes. Subjects that were not diagnosed with ROP were followed up every two to three weeks until retinal vascular maturation was completed. Subjects diagnosed with ROP were followed up every one to two weeks due to the severeness of the disease.
3
Intravitreal Golimumab Injection Protocol
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Animals were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) along with topical anesthesia (Alcain; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA). The pupils were dilated with 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride (Mydfrin; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) and 1% tropicamide (Tropamid; Bilim, İstanbul, Turkey). After instilling povidone iodine (5%), anterior chamber paracentesis of an equal volume to the injected drug was administrated to avoid drug reflux due to high intraocular pressure. IVT injection of golimumab (Simponi; Merck Sharp and Dohme, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA) was performed approximately 2 mm posterior to the limbus with a 30-gauge needle attached to a tuberculin syringe. IOP was checked with TonoPen Avia (Reichert Technologies, Depew, NJ, USA) after the procedure and found within normal limits. A 0.3% ofloxacin eye drop (Exocin; Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) was administered topically immediately after the injection. Slit-lamp and funduscopic examinations were performed pre- and postinjection immediately and repeated at day 7. The rabbits were kept for 1 week in ambient light on a 12-h light/12-h dark schedule.
4
Surgical Procedures for Optic Nerve Exposure
5
Anesthetized Feline Neurophysiology Study
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Animals premedicated with acepromazine maleate (Atravet, Wyeth-Ayerst, Guelph, ON, Canada; 1 mg/kg, intramuscular) and atropine sulphate (ATRO-SA, Rafter, Calgary, AB, Canada; 0.04 mg/kg, intramuscular) were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (Rogarsetic, Pfizer, Kirkland, QC, Canada; 25 mg/kg, intramuscular). The cats were then paralyzed with 40 mg and maintained with 10 mg/kg/h of gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil, Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, USA; intravenous) administered in 5% dextrose lactated Ringer's nutritive solution. General anesthesia was maintained by artificial ventilation with a mixture of N2O/O2 (70:30) supplemented with 0.5% isoflurane (AErrane, Baxter, Toronto, ON, Canada).
Electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, rectal temperature and end-tidal CO2 partial pressure were monitored throughout the experiment, and kept in physiological ranges. The pupils were dilated with atropine sulfate (1%, Isopto-Atropine; Alcon, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) and the nictitating membranes were retracted with phenylephrine hydrochloride (2.5%, Mydfrin, Alcon). The loci of the area centrales were inferred from the position of the blind spots which were opthalmoscopically focused and projected onto a translucent screen. At the end of the experiment, the cats were euthanized intravenously with a dose (0.5 mL/kg) of Sodium Pentobarbital (CEVA, Sante Animale).
Electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, rectal temperature and end-tidal CO2 partial pressure were monitored throughout the experiment, and kept in physiological ranges. The pupils were dilated with atropine sulfate (1%, Isopto-Atropine; Alcon, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) and the nictitating membranes were retracted with phenylephrine hydrochloride (2.5%, Mydfrin, Alcon). The loci of the area centrales were inferred from the position of the blind spots which were opthalmoscopically focused and projected onto a translucent screen. At the end of the experiment, the cats were euthanized intravenously with a dose (0.5 mL/kg) of Sodium Pentobarbital (CEVA, Sante Animale).
6
Binaural Beats for Cataract Surgery
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After answering the STAI, patients were randomly assigned to two groups, both provided with an identical MP3 player and canal-type stereo earphones (see Figure 1 ). In the intervention group, binaural beats (Happiness Frequency 10 Hz Binaural Beats, Greenred Production) were utilized, while the control group had no audio. Earphones were positioned 10 min before the start of surgery.
The dilation regime was topical tropicamide 1% (Mydriacyl, Alcon, Puurs, Belgium) and phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5% (Mydfrin, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA). Topical anaesthesia consisted of proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Alcaine, Alcon, Puurs, Belgium). All patients were also given non-preserved intracameral lidocaine hydrochloride 1% at the commencement of the surgery. No oral or intravenous sedation was used. Phacoemulsification was performed in the standard manner by a single surgeon blinded to allocation group. Immediately after the surgery, patients completed the VAS, followed by the STAI.
The dilation regime was topical tropicamide 1% (Mydriacyl, Alcon, Puurs, Belgium) and phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5% (Mydfrin, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA). Topical anaesthesia consisted of proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Alcaine, Alcon, Puurs, Belgium). All patients were also given non-preserved intracameral lidocaine hydrochloride 1% at the commencement of the surgery. No oral or intravenous sedation was used. Phacoemulsification was performed in the standard manner by a single surgeon blinded to allocation group. Immediately after the surgery, patients completed the VAS, followed by the STAI.
7
Multifocal Electroretinography: Retinal Evaluation
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After 30 min of dark adaptation and pupil dilatation with the application of one drop of tropicamide 1% (Tropamid, Bilim ˙Ilaç, Turkey), phenylephrine 2.5% (Mydfrin, Alcon) and proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Alcaine, Alcon), ERG jet electrodes were placed. Multifocal electroretinographies were recorded after pupil dilatation. The stimulated retinal area was subtended in an area of 60° × 55°; 61 hexagon stimulants were used with alternating black (5 cd/m2) and white (100 cd/m2) stimulants. The concentric rings were analyzed according to International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision standards [13 (link)]. The amplitude and latencies of P1, N1 and N2 components were recorded for every ring. The mean signal amplitudes (MSAs) of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in the macula (central 0°–2°) and the peripheral (2°–5°, 5°–10°, 10°–15° and > 15°) signal amplitude changes were evaluated separately.
8
Dispase-Induced Subretinal Hemorrhage
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Animals were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg, . Yuhan. Co., Seoul, Korea) and Rompun (1.2 mg/kg, Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany). Pupils were dilated with 2.5% phenylephrine HCl (Mydfrin, Alcon, Fort Worth, TX). Intravitreal injection of dispase (0.05 U/eye, volume 2 μl, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was performed in the dorsonasal quadrant 1.5 mm from the corneal limbus using a 30-gauge needle mounted on a 10 μl Hamilton syringe. After intravitreal injection of dispase, the animals were divided into two treatment groups. Mice with severe subretinal hemorrhage were excluded from analysis. At 1 and 3 weeks post-dispase injection the mice is anesthetized by injecting ketamin and rumpun intraperitoneally for further analysis.
9
Standardized mf-ERG Recording and Analysis
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After 30 minutes of dark adaptation and pupil dilatation with the application of one drop of tropicamide 1% (Tropamid, Bilim İlaç, Turkey), phenylephrine 2.5% (Mydfrin, Alcon), and proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% (Alcaine, Alcon), ERG jet electrodes were placed. The ff-ERGs were recorded according to International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision standards.
Multifocal electroretinographies were recorded after pupil dilatation. The stimulated retinal area was subtended in an area of 60°• 55°; 61 hexagon stimulants were used with alternating black (5 cd/m 2 ) and white (100 cd/m 2 ) stimulants. The concentric rings were analyzed according to International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision standards (Figure 1). 13 The amplitude and latencies of P1, N1, and N2 components were recorded for every ring. The mean signal amplitudes (MSAs) of mf-ERG in the macula (central 0°-2°) and the peripheral (2°-20°) signal amplitude changes were evaluated separately (Figure 2).
Multifocal electroretinographies were recorded after pupil dilatation. The stimulated retinal area was subtended in an area of 60°• 55°; 61 hexagon stimulants were used with alternating black (5 cd/m 2 ) and white (100 cd/m 2 ) stimulants. The concentric rings were analyzed according to International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision standards (Figure 1). 13 The amplitude and latencies of P1, N1, and N2 components were recorded for every ring. The mean signal amplitudes (MSAs) of mf-ERG in the macula (central 0°-2°) and the peripheral (2°-20°) signal amplitude changes were evaluated separately (Figure 2).
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