N n dimethylformamide (dmf)

N-Boc-l-glutamic-acid α-tert-butyl ester, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), 1,4-dithioerythritol, triethylamine (Et₃N), dichloromethane (DCM), trans-2-h exenal, cesium carbonate, 1,4-dioxane, sodium borohydride, triisopropylsilane (TIS), 6 mL Discovery Ag-ion SPE tubes, 6-sulfanyl-hexanol (6SHol), 3-sulfanylhexanol (3SHol), and 3-sulfanylhexyl acetate (3SHA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Hoeilaart, Belgium). Absolute ethanol, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and citric acid monohydrate were purchased from VWR (Leuven, Belgium). Sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). l-cystine bis (tert-butyl ester) dihydrochloride was obtained from A2B Chem (San Diego, CA, USA). Milli-Q water was used (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

A 15 % polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) (medical grade Kynar 720, Solvay) solution was solvent casted, as previously described to create solid thin films of PVDF [21 (link)]. Briefly, a 15 % (w/w) polymer solution was prepared in dimethyl formamide (DMF, Sigma-Aldrich). Subsequently, an automatic film caster (Elcometer K4340M12) located within a humidity-controlled box was equipped with a dedicated glass plate and preconditioned at a temperature of 100 °C at 10 % humidity. The 15 % PVDF-DMF solution was then casted onto the glass plate using an applicator (Elcometer K0003530M005) set at a gap distance of 250 μm running over the polymer solution at a constant speed of 5 mm/s to homogeneously spread the dissolved polymer over the surface of the glass plate. After solvent evaporation the polymer film was dried overnight under continuous nitrogen gas flow, resulting in a 15 μm thick solid PVDF film. Polymer films were washed in de-mineralized water overnight to remove any remaining solvent residue and air-dried afterwards. To create a porous film, a preprogrammed pattern of pores was made by femtosecond laser micromachining using an UV pulsed laser at a frequency of 25 kHz (in collaboration with Veldlaser Innovations B.V., ‘S-Heerenberg, NL). PVDF films used for the microwell array bottom of the device were patterned with pores having a pore size of 25 μm and 50 μm pitch to compensate for the stretching during microthermoforming, while polymer films used as lids were patterned with a pore size of 40 μm and 100 μm pitch.

Graphite fluoride (>61
wt % F), O-Phosphorylethanolamine (O-PEA, ≥98%) and N,N-Dimethylformamide
(DMF, ≥98%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, while pure acetone
and absolute ethanol came from Penta, Czech Republic. All aqueous
solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm).

Indium–tin oxide (ITO)-coated glasses
(R_SH = 7 Ω sq^–1) were purchased from Kintec. Formamidinium iodide
(FAI), methylammonium bromide (MABr), methylammonium chloride (MACl),
and PEACl were purchased from GreatCell Solar. Lead(II) iodide (PbI₂), lead(II) bromide (PbBr₂), and cesium iodide
(CsI) were purchased from TCI. Cesium bromide beads (CsBr), bathocuproine
(BCP) and copper beads (Cu beads), ethanol (EtOH) (anhydrous, ≥
99.8%), acetone (≥99.5%), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (≥99%),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (>99%), chlorobenzene (CB) (99.8%), 1,2-dichlorobenzene
(DCB) (99%), toluene (>99.7%), 2-propanol (IPA) (anhydrous, 99.5%),
and poly(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammoinium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene))dibromide (PFN-Br), were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. [6,6]-Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester
was purchased from Solenne. ZnO (N-10, N-10-Flex, N-11, N-12), Al:ZnO
(3.15 mol % Al) (N-20X-Flex, N-21X, N-21X-Flex), and SnO₂ (N-30) nanoparticle solutions were purchased from Avantama. Silver
(Ag) paste 7713 was purchased from Dupont. Indium-doped Tin Oxide
(ITO) target with an In₂O₃/SnO₂ composition
of 90:10 wt % for sputtering was purchased from TestBourne Ltd.

Polyethersulfone, specifically PES Veradel 3000P with an average molecular weight of 63 kDa, was obtained from Solvay Speciality Polymers Italy S.P.A (VIALE LOMBARDIA 20, BOLLATE, 20021, Milano, Italy). The N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) with a purity of at least 99.9%, glucose, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a molecular weight of 10 kDa, bovine serum albumin (BSA) (66.5 kDa) in powder form, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), methylene blue, and Congo red were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA.