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Blue Sensor N

Manufactured by Ambu
Sourced in Denmark, United States, Malaysia

The Blue Sensor N is a disposable, single-use electrode used for electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring. It is designed to capture high-quality ECG signals from patients.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

34 protocols using Blue Sensor N

All signals were recorded using a Refa amplifier (TMSi, Oldenzaal, The Netherlands) sampling at 2048 Hz and without hardware filters (only anti-aliasing). Scalp potentials were recorded using an electrode cap with 64 Ag/AgCl electrodes (TMSi), arranged according to a subset of the extended 10/20 system. A separate electrode (Blue Sensor N, Ambu, Ballerup, Denmark) was connected to the left mastoid process and served as the participant ground. Muscle activity was recorded from two muscles in each forearm (m. flexor carpi radialis and m. extensor carpi radialis brevis) using pairs of unipolar electrodes (Blue Sensor N, Ambu). Signals from the robotic manipulator (recorded and commanded angle and torque) were recorded via optical isolation amplifiers (TMSi) to ensure participant safety.
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Skin preparation, placement site, and electrode-skin impedance were standardized. Two selfadhesive surface electrodes (Bluesensor N; Ambu, **) placed 0.5 cm apart over the left deltoid muscle, and a ground electrode (Bluesensor VL; Ambu, **) placed over the greater tubercule of the humerus were used for electromyographic (EMG) recordings (Fig. S1). In addition, two self-adhesive surface electrodes (Bluesensor N; Ambu, **) were placed 0.5 cm apart over the lateral digital nerve, between the coronary band and the metacarpophalangeal joint for electrical stimulation (Fig. S1). For each electrode, the skin was clipped, cleaned and prepared with abrader tape (Red dot Trace Prep; 3M, **), and the electrode-skin impedance was checked and kept below 2 kOhm for the duration of the experiment. If necessary, the electrode was replaced. Once instrumented, the horse was left undisturbed for 10 minutes before starting baseline measurements, and then loosely tied to the wall for the duration of the experiment.
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Recording of eye movements was performed in a quiet room with dimmed illumination. Analysis was conducted with a microcomputer-based system for sampling of eye movements. Disposable electrodes (Ambu Blue Sensor N) were applied on the forehead and beside the lateral canthi of both eyes. Skin resistance was minimalized before measurements. Head movements were restrained using a fixed head support. Subjects were asked to focus on a moving dot displayed on a computer screen. Saccadic eye movements were recorded for stimulus amplitudes of approximately 15° to either side. Fifteen saccades were recorded with inter-stimulus intervals varying randomly between 3 and 6 s. Average values of saccadic peak velocity (degrees/s) of correct saccades were recorded. At least five detected saccades were necessary to include for statistical analysis. For smooth pursuit eye movements, the target moves sinusoidally at frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 Hz. Four cycles were recorded for each stimulus frequency. The time during which the eyes were in smooth pursuit of the target was calculated and expressed as a percentage of stimulus duration [17 (link)].
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Subjects were seated in an isokinetic dynamometer (Humac Norm, CSMi, Stoughton, Massachusetts, United States) with a hip angle of 90°. Before the pretesting, a familiarization session was completed to lower the learning effect. The subjects performed 3–5 maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVIC) for the knee extensors and flexors at a knee angle of 70° and 20°, respectively. The subjects received visual feedback and standardized verbal encouragement during each attempt. All contractions were separated by > 30 s of rest. The right leg was tested, and the attempt having the highest peak torque was used for further analysis. Concomitantly, surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes (Ambu Blue Sensor N, AMBU, Ballerup, Denmark) were attached to musculi (mm.) vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. After shaving and cleaning the skin, electrodes were placed 2 cm apart and in relation to anatomical marks.
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5

Multimodal Analysis of Muscle Activity and Body Kinematics

Muscle activity was recorded using a wireless sEMG system (myon 320; myon®, Schwarzenberg, CH) with a sampling frequency of 1000Hz and a pre-amplification factor of 1000. Pairs of disposable sEMG electrodes (Ambu BlueSensor N) were fixed to the prepared skin of the participants in accordance with the SENIAM guidelines [37 (link)]. The electrodes were placed on the longissimus bilaterally and on the right multifidus, left iliocostalis, right vastus medialis and vastus lateralis unilaterally.
Body kinematics were recorded using a 12-camera infrared light-emitting motion capture system (Vicon MX system; Oxford Metrics Group®, Oxford, GB) with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz. Reflective skin markers (12.5mm diameter) were placed on the participants according to the Plug-in-Gait upper body model (Table 1) and reconstructed using the software Vicon Nexus 1.7.1 (Oxford Metrics Group®, Oxford, GB) [38 (link), 39 ].
Marker placement and segment definition according to the Plug-in-Gait (PIG) upper body model [38 (link), 39 ], with additional markers on the spine and pelvis. The percentages refer to back length [40 (link)]. All PIG markers were used to calculate the centre of mass. Marker placement is also shown in Fig 2.
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For PSG, a standard polysomnography system including snap on cables (Embla N7000, Embla Systems Inc., Broomfield, CO, USA) and gel electrodes (Ambu BlueSensor N, Ambu GmbH, Bad Nauheim, Germany) was used. Placement of electrodes is depicted in Figure 1.
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EMG signals were recorded from the right leg using a TeleMyo telemetric hardware system (Noraxon U.S. Inc., Scottsdale, Az, USA) at a sampling frequency of 1,000 Hz. After skin preparation (shaved, abraded lightly and cleaned with alcohol), silver-silver chloride Ambu BlueSensorN bipolar surface electrodes (Blue Sensor M-00-S/25, Ambu, Denmark) with a 10mm diameter and an inter-electrode distance of 20 mm (center-to-center) were placed over four major muscles of the right shank: medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA). The SENIAM guideline [19] was followed basically, but ultrasonography was also used to define the most appropriate area to place the electrodes to ensure that electrodes were aligned parallel with the fascicle orientation and to minimize crosstalk between the observed and the underlying muscles. In the case of SOL the electrodes were placed on the lateral side of the muscle [20] . For the proper placement of the ultrasound probe (ultrasound preparation detailed below) the EMG electrodes for LG were placed slightly lateral to the muscle midbelly. The reference electrode was placed on the ipsilateral patella. EMG cables were taped over the skin to minimize movement artefacts.
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In stage 1 of the study, adult volunteers (n ¼ 15) were recruited. Two stick on electrodes (Ambu BlueSensor N, Ambu Sdn Bhd, Penang Malaysia) were applied to either side of the adult scalp. The adapted FSEs were clipped on to the stick-on electrodes and connected to the aEEG monitor. The adapted FSEs were distributed into 5 groups with 3 adults monitored in each group. The groups used designs A, B, C, D and the FEMS signal splitter as outlined above. Between 16 and 41 minutes of aEEG recording was collected for each adult volunteer on Olympic CFM6000.
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The treadmill was a Kettler Marathon TX1 device (Ense-Parsit, Germany). All subjects had to perform their running at the speeds of 7, 9 and 11 km/h and 1°inclination. A vaginal surface EMG probe (Periform Ò , Neen, UK-Oldham Lancashire) was used to measure PFM activity. The single reference adhesive surface electrode (Ambu Blue Sensor N, Ballerup, Denmark) was fixed on the right iliac crest according to the SENIAM recommendations [13] . A force-sensitive resistor footswitch (2-FSR, Noraxon European Service Center, Cologne, Germany) was used to identify the initial contact (T0), i.e., the initial time point of the impact and beginning loading phase and strain of the PFM. The footswitch consists of two FSR sensors, which were fixed with adhesive tape on the right heel and ball of the big toe to optimally capture the initial contact. Electrodes and footswitches were connected to the transmitter by short wire, which was fixed at the back of the subjects. The signals were sent wirelessly to the receiver (TeleMyo 2400 G2, Noraxon European Service Center, Cologne, Germany).
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Participants were seated in an isokinetic dynamometer (Humac Norm, CSMi, Massachusetts, USA).
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) in the non-dominant (weakest) leg was determined as the highest peak torque out of 3-5 attempts during both knee extension (KE, 70° knee joint angle) and flexion (KF, 20° knee joint angle). Concomitantly, surface EMG (Ambu Blue Sensor N, AMBU, Denmark) activity was assessed on vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF).
MVC and EMG data were sampled at 1500 Hz using a wireless system (TeleMyo and MyoResearch, Noraxon, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA), and analyzed using custom-made software.
Torque data were low-pass filtered (6 Hz) and gravity corrected. EMG signals were full-wave rectified and low-pass filtered (6 Hz), an analyzed as area under the curve (integrated EMG, iEMG) from 40 ms before to 10 ms after MVC. A combined measure of MVC (KE+KF) and iEMG (VL+BF), respectively, are presented in the present study, thus serving as an overall lower limb measure of muscle strength and neuromuscular activity, respectively, that can be put into context of the observed circulating BDNF (and S1P) levels. The separate values of muscle strength and neuromuscular activity for KE and KF have previously been published (Kjolhede et al., 2015) .
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