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LCpro-SD

Manufactured by ADC BioScientific
Sourced in United Kingdom

The LCpro-SD is a portable photosynthesis system designed for rapid, accurate measurements of leaf gas exchange. It provides measurements of key photosynthetic parameters such as net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance.

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41 protocols using LCpro-SD

Leaf gas exchange measurements were performed on fully expanded leaves using an infrared gas analyzer, LCpro-SD (ADC BioScientific Ltd., United Kingdom), equipped with the broad leaf chamber. Measurements were performed maintaining the following conditions inside the chamber: ambient temperature, CO2 and H2O concentration, air flow 200 μmol s-1 and light intensity 400 μmol m-2 s-1. Data were recorded when the measured parameters were stable (2–6 min). Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were determined. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated based on leaf gas exchange, using the formulae WUE = A/E.
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Net CO2 assimilation rate (A, μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), stomatal conductance (gs, mol H2O m−2 s−1), transpiration rate (E, mmol H2O m−2 s−1), and intercellular CO2 concentration content (Ci, vpm) were measured in five independent biological replicates per treatment using a portable infrared gas analyser (LCpro-SD, ADC BioScientific Ltd., Hoddesdon, UK) equipped with a broad-leaf chamber. To find out the saturation light intensity A/PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density; light response curves of CO2 assimilation) curves were performed with the following PPFD: 2000, 1500, 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100, 50, and 0 mmol m−2 s−1. After A/PPFD data analysis, punctual measurements at saturation light intensity were performed at 1500 mmol m−2 s−1. The following conditions were maintained inside the chamber during all measurements: air flux: 200 mol s−1; 25 °C block temperature; and atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentration. Data were recorded when the measured parameters were stable (2–6 min). Water use efficiency (WUEi) was calculated using the formula: WUEi = A/E.
Midday stem water potential (ᴪmd, MPa) was measured with a Scholander-type pressure chamber (PMS Instrument Co., Albany, OR, USA) in five independent biological replicates per treatment at 12:30 (solar time), as described before [10 (link)].
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Selected mature leaves were characterized to assess their gas exchange properties using an LCPro-SD (ADC BioScientific Ltd., Hertfordshire, UK) gas analyzer equipped with a 6.25 cm2 leaf chamber. Leaves were light-acclimated in the gas-exchange chamber until stomatal conductance was above 60 mmol m−2 s−1 (but at least for 15 min) under ambient conditions (36 (SD: 2) °C and 55 (SD: 6) % RH). Net assimilation rates (Aarea) at a flow speed of 200 µmol s−1 and 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD was recorded. Light saturation for photosynthesis in field grown grapevines has been shown to occur at PPFD of 700–1000 µmol m−2 s−1 (Escalona et al., 2000 ; Zufferey et al., 2000 ; Cartechini and Palliotti, 2001 ).
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Gas exchange measurements were taken at noon in five plants per treatment, using a portable infrared gas analyzer LCpro-SD, which was equipped with a PLU5 LED light unit (ADC BioScientific Ltd, Hoddesdon, UK) for the microscale experiment. The selected flag leaves in rice in the booting stage were analyzed with a broadleaf chamber (6.25 cm2) to determine the following parameters: stomatal conductance (gs) (expressed as mmol m−2 s−1), net photosynthetic rate (A) (µmol m−2 s−1), transpiration (E) (mol m−2 s−1), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (µmol mol-1) under ambient CO2, temperature and relative humidity conditions. They were recorded using photosynthetically active radiations (PAR) ranging from 400 to 1800 µmol m−2 s−1. Water-use efficiency (WUE) and intrinsic WUE were calculated as the ratio between A/gs and A/E, which was expressed as µmol (CO2 assimilated) mol−1 (H2O transpired). Leaf greenness was measured by a SPAD-502 Chlorophyll meter (Konica-Minolta, Osaka, Japan) [59 (link)]. The effective quantum yield of photosystem II electron transport (ΦPSII), which represents the electron transport efficiency between photosystems within light-adapted leaves, was checked using a leaf fluorometer (Fluorpen FP100, Photos System Instrument, Drásov, Czech Republic). Both parameters were measured in a minimum of 25 leaves, as indicated for leaf gas exchange.
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A portable photosynthesis analyser (LCpro SD, ADC BioScientific, Hoddesdon, UK) was used for the measurement of all the gas exchange parameters, such as the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate. All the measurements were recorded at the middle of the fully expended 3rd leaf. All the measurements were taken after the instrument reached the stability (2–10 min). The temperature maintained in the chamber was 28 °C, and the flow rate was 500 mL/min at a relative humidity of 60–65%. The CO2 concentration was 400 µmol mol−1 and the PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) was 1500 µmol m−1 s−1. The parameters measured are as follows: photosynthetic rate (A, µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), stomata conductance (gs mol H2O m−2 s−1) and transpiration rate (E, mmol H2O m−2 s−1). All the measurements were taken under light-saturated conditions. The water use efficiency was derived from the measured photosynthetic parameters. The ratio of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) to transpiration rate (E) was calculated as the intrinsic water use efficiency.
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Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were measured in all plants and averaged for each biological replicate per treatment in Phase I. A portable infrared gas analyser (LCpro-SD, ADC BioScientific Ltd, UK) equipped with a specialized needle chamber was used. Light-response curves of CO2 assimilation were obtained with the following values of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs): 2000, 1500, 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100, 50, and 0 µmol m−2 s−1. After analysis of the A/PPFD data, measurements at saturation light intensity were performed at 1000 µmol m−2 s−1. The following conditions were maintained inside the chamber during all measurements: air flux, 200 mol s−1; block temperature, 25 °C; and atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations. Data were recorded when the measured parameters were stable. Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (CE) was calculated as the coefficient of A and Ci.
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During the tillering and grand growth phases from mid-May to August, Pn, gs, Ci and Tr in leaf were analyzed on sunny and well shining days from 10:00 to 2:00 h. The measurements were repeated two times by using LCPro-SD (ADC BioScientific UK) portable photosynthesis system. During the photosynthesis measurement, the photosynthetically active radiation in the leaf chamber, provided by leaf chamber fluorometer (LCF) light source, was adjusted to 1600 μmol m–2 s–1, relative humidity was adjusted to near ambient level 70–80%, leaf chamber CO2 concentration was set to 380 ml L–1, the air flow rate to sample cell was fitted to 400 μmol s–1, and chamber temperature was similar to ambient air temperature according to [36 ].
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To apply water deficit, irrigation of cultures was discontinued for 7 days until the appearance of first water deficit symptoms in control plants (decrease in leaf turgor). Subsequently, plants were watered every 2 days. Two weeks later, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance of H2O and transpiration rate were measured using LCpro-SD (ADC BioScientific Ltd., Hoddesdon, UK). All measurements were performed on the second leaf of randomly selected plants using a 6.25 cm2 chamber equipped with a mixed Red/Blue LED Light Source Head. The measurements were carried out under the following conditions: CO2 saturated conditions (600 µmol · mol−1 air), irradiance of 100 µmol (photons) · m−2 · s−1 red light intensity and a leaf temperature of 24 °C ± 0.5 °C in five biological replications for each group.
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9

Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurement

Gas exchange measurements were performed using an infrared gas analyzer (LCpro SD, ADC Bioscientific, Hoddesdon, UK). Saturated photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured as previously described by Rusinowski et al. [46 (link)]. The LCpro SD was equipped with a narrow chamber (580 mm2) set at 22 °C, 1500 μmol m−2 s−1 for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and a CO2 concentration of about 400 ppm. Chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured using Handy Plant Efficiency Analyser (Hansatech Instruments Ltd., Norfolk, UK). Before analysis, leaves were dark-adapted for 25 min using specially designed clips (LC, Hansatech Instruments, Ltd., Norfolk, UK). Subsequently, a saturated pulse of 3500 μmol m−2 s−1 was applied for 1s to obtain readings. Five measurements were performed for single treatment on fully developed leaves.
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The portable photosynthesis system LCpro-SD (ADC Bioscientific Ltd., Hoddesdon, United Kingdom) was used for photosynthetic activity analyses. Measurements were performed on three plants per cultivar and treatment, 51 days after sowing (27 days after stress). Net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) were recorded in a young, well-expanded leaf after several minutes of stabilization, in conditions of ambient irradiance, carbon dioxide concentration, air humidity and temperature, similarly to [103 (link)]. Water use efficiency was calculated as A/E.
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