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Luperox 101

Manufactured by Arkema
Sourced in France

Luperox 101 is a peroxide-based initiator product manufactured by Arkema. It is a colorless liquid used as a polymerization initiator for various applications. The core function of Luperox 101 is to generate free radicals that initiate and propagate polymerization reactions.

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7 protocols using luperox 101

1

Improving Tire Tread Heat Resistance

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Example 2

A comparative tread composition B0 and tread compositions that may be used in a tyre according to the invention B1 to B4 were prepared by blending in an internal mixer the tread without the crosslinking system (peroxide) followed by introduction into the external mixer of the crosslinking system, on the basis of table 3 below. The values are indicated in phr.

TABLE 3
Tread
B0B1B2B3
SIS(1)100100100100
Dicumyl peroxide1.63.2
2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-1.7
butylperoxy)hexane(2)
(1)SIS thermoplastic elastomer Hybrar 5125 from the company Kuraray
(2)Luperox 101 from the company Arkema

The moduli G′(T) at 40° C. and 200° C. of the treads B0 to B3 were measured.

The results are presented in table 4 below.

TABLE 4
RatioRatio
(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) ×(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) in
Tread100% relative to B0
B03.9100
B121.7552
B220.0509
B321.3542

It is found that all the formulations containing a peroxide show an improvement in the heat resistance.

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2

Peroxide-enhanced Tread Composition Analysis

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Example 3

A comparative tread composition C0 and tread compositions that may be used in a tyre according to the invention C1 to C4 were prepared by blending in an internal mixer the tread without the crosslinking system (peroxide) followed by introduction into the external mixer of the crosslinking system, on the basis of table 5 below. The values are indicated in phr.

TABLE 5
Tread
C0C1C2C3C4
S-SBS-S(1)100100100100100
Dicumyl peroxide123
2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-1.1
butylperoxy)hexane(2)
(1)S-SBS(hydrogenated)-S thermoplastic elastomer SOE L606 from the company Asahi Kasei
(2)Luperox 101 from the company Arkema

The moduli G′(T) at 40° C. and 200° C. of the treads C0 to C4 were measured.

The results are presented in table 6 below.

TABLE 6
RatioRatio
(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) ×(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) in
Tread100% relative to C0
C09.4100
C118.0191
C226.1277
C342.2447
C418.7198

It is found that all the formulations containing a peroxide show an improvement in the heat resistance.

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3

Peroxide-Induced Heat Resistance in Tire Treads

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Example 4

A comparative tread composition DO and tread compositions that may be used in a tyre according to the invention D1 to D4 were prepared by blending in an internal mixer the tread without the crosslinking system (peroxide) followed by introduction into the external mixer of the crosslinking system, on the basis of table 7 below. The values are indicated in phr.

TABLE 7
Tread
D0D1D2D3D4
SEBS(1)100100100100100
Dicumyl peroxide1.42.84.2
2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-1.5
butylperoxy)hexane(2)
(1)SEBS thermoplastic elastomer Septon 8076 from the company Kuraray
(2)Luperox 101 from the company Arkema

The moduli G′(T) at 40° C. and 200° C. of the treads DO to D4 were measured.

The results are presented in table 8 below.

TABLE 8
RatioRatio
(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) ×(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) in
Tread100% relative to D0
D00.7100
D12.0281
D26.1877
D310.61515
D42.8397

It is found that all the formulations containing a peroxide show an improvement in the heat resistance.

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4

Maleated HDPE via Reactive Extrusion

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Example 1

Petrochemicals HDPE BDM09-30, lot D00510645 (M12=5.0 g/10 min) was used for making maleated HDPE via reactive extrusion with maleic anhydride and peroxides on a 27 mm twin screw extruder. Sample #1 is neat re-extruded HDPE. Sample #2 is a maleated HDPE based on 2% maleic anhydride and 100 ppm Luperox 101 supplied by Arkema Inc. (a dialkyl peroxide). Sample #3 is a maleated HDPE based on 2% maleic anhydride and 250 ppm Luperox 101. Sample #4 is a maleated HDPE based on 2% maleic anhydride and 500 ppm Perkadox-24L supplied by Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals (Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate). The melt flow rates, measured using ASTM D1258 at 230° C., of the products are listed in Table 1. As expected, when Luperox-101 was used, HDPE melt index is lowered due to concurrent branching reactions by peroxide. However, unexpectedly, when Perkadox-24L is used, the melt index of the product is similar to that of the neat HDPE base resin.

TABLE 1
Maleated PP resins
BDM09-
#Samples30MAHPeroxideMFR
1HDPE1000010.3
2HDPE-g-MAH-I982%100 ppm L-1017.7
3HDPE-g-MAH-II982%250 ppm L-1013.3
4HDPE-g-MAH-III982%500 ppm Perkadox-10
24L

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5

Thermoplastic Elastomer Tread Compositions

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Example 1

A comparative tread composition A0 and tread compositions that may be used in a tyre according to the invention A1 to A4 were prepared by blending in an internal mixer of the tread without the crosslinking system (peroxide) and then introduction into the external mixer of the crosslinking system, on the basis of table 1 below. The values are indicated in phr.

TABLE 1
Tread
A0A1A2A3A4
SIS(1)100100100100100
Dicumyl peroxide1.73.45.1
2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-1.8
butylperoxy)hexane(2)
(1)SIS thermoplastic elastomer, Kraton D1161, from Kaneka;
(2)Luperox 101 from Arkema.

The G′(T) moduli at 40° C. and 200° C. of the treads A0 to A4 were measured.

The results are presented in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2
RatioRatio
(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.)) ×(G′(200° C.)/G′(40° C.))
Tread100in % relative to A0
A08.8100
A199.01126
A2112.91284
A3125.61429
A4104.51189

It is found that all the formulations containing a peroxide show an improvement in the heat resistance.

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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxane-Grafted EPM

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The liquid ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM; Trilene® CP-80) was purchased from Lion Elastomers, LLC (Geismar, Los Angeles, CA, USA). The peroxide initiator 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (DTBPH; Luperox® 101) was supplied from Arkema (Colombes, France). Tetramethyldisiloxane (M1) and divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (M2) were kindly donated by CHT Germany GmbH (Tübingen, Germany). Vinyltetramethyldisiloxane (VTMDS, M3) was synthesized and purified via fractional distillation prior to the grafting reaction. Deuterated chloroform (99.8%) was purchased from Deutero GmbH (Kastellaun, Germany) and dried over 3 Å molecular sieves. Benzyl benzoate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate were received from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany).
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7

Functionalization of Ethylene-Octene Copolymer

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Ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC; Engage 8200) was purchased from RESINEX Germany GmbH (Zwingenberg, Germany). Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) was kindly donated by CHT Germany GmbH (Tübingen, Germany). The peroxide 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy) hexane (DTBPH; Luperox® 101) was supplied from Arkema (Colombes, France). All grafting chemicals were used as received without further purification. Deuterated chloroform (99.8%) was purchased from Deutero GmbH (Kastellaun, Germany).
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