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Ankom 220 fiber analyzer

Manufactured by ANKOM Technology
Sourced in United States

The Ankom 220 Fiber Analyzer is a laboratory instrument designed for the determination of fiber content in various sample types. It utilizes established methods to measure the amounts of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) within a sample. The device is capable of processing multiple samples simultaneously to provide reliable and consistent fiber analysis data.

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23 protocols using Ankom 220 fiber analyzer

1

Comprehensive Analysis of Protein Fractions in Byproducts

The AOAC method [16 ] was used to determine the crude protein (CP, AOAC 984.13) and dry matter (DM, AOAC 930.15) contents of the byproduct samples. The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were measured according to the filtration method [17 (link)] using an Ankom 220 fiber analyzer (Ankom Technology Corp., Macedon, NY, USA). The contents of neutral detergent-insoluble CP (NDICP) and acid detergent-insoluble CP (ADICP) in NDF and ADF filter residue were analyzed by the Kjeldahl-N method [17 (link)]. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and total soluble CP (SCP) were analyzed using a previously published method [18 (link)]. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) [19 (link)] partitions CP into five subfractions, namely PA (nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)), PB1 (rapidly degradable protein), PB2 (moderately degradable protein), PB3 (slowly degradable protein), and PC (undegradable protein).
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All feedstuffs from each period were milled through a 1-mm screen, and these samples were then used for each of the analyses described below. The DM content in feedstuffs was measured by drying to a constant weight (at 105°C for 24 h) and samples were incinerated at 550°C for 6 h in order to measure ash content. Nitrogen was measured using the Kjeldahl technique (Tecator-Kjeltec system 2400, Tecator AB, Höganäs, Sweden) and crude protein was calculated as N×6.25. The fat content of feedstuffs was assessed by petroleum ether extraction in an Accelerated Solvent Extraction system (ASE 200, Dionex, USA). Starch was analyzed using an enzymatic-colorimetric method according to modified AACC-method 76-11 (21 ). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was measured with an Ankom220 fiber analyzer (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY, USA) as described previously (25 (link)) using sodium sulfite, alpha-amylase, and ash correction (aNDFom), while acid detergent fiber (ADF) was assessed according to AOAC Method 973.18 with the modification that samples were not washed with acetone and were corrected for ash.
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Firstly, all the TMR samples were air-dried at 60°C±5°C, and then analyzed for DM. The dietary crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), and total phosphorus (TP) were estimated by the AOAC 1990 method. The acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fuber (NDF) contents were analyzed according to Van Soest et al [14 (link)] using the Ankom system (Ankom 220 Fiber Analyzer; Ankom, New York, USA) with a heat-stable α-amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash. Net energy for lactation (NEL) at a production level was calculated using a NRC summative approach from the dairy nutrient requirement [13 ].
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For the calculation of apparent total tract digestibility, faecal samples were weighed and dried in a forced air oven (UF 750 plus, Memmert GmbH, Schwabach, Germany) at 60 °C for 72 h. Prior to analysis, feed and faecal samples were ground through a 1-mm screen in a laboratory mill (CT 293 Cyclotec, Foss, Hilleroed, Denmark). Routine procedures of AOAC [27 ] were used for ash (7.009) to calculate OM, DM (7.007), and EE (7.063) in feed and faecal samples. Crude fiber was determined using the filter bag system (ANKOM 220 Fiber Analyzer; ANKOM Technology, New York, NY, USA). The CP was determined as 6.25×Kjeldahl nitrogen, using a Kjeltec autoanalyzer unit (Foss, Hilleröd, Sweden). Titanium dioxide was determined in feed and faeces according to Myers et al. [28 (link)]. All analyses were performed in duplicate.
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The chemical composition of fresh, unfermented alperjo was determined immediately after the collection from industry and after treatment with these additives. Crude protein, ether extracts, and ash were analyzed according to the procedures of AOAC (2016 ). Total polyphenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1201 UV–Vis spectrophotometer) at 725 nm absorbance (Makkar et al. 1993 (link)). Condensed tannins were analyzed by the acid-butanol-HCl-Fe method using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1201 UV–Vis spectrophotometer) at an absorbance of 550 nm (Makkar et al. 1993 (link)). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were determined using the ANKOM220 fiber analyzer (ANKOM technology, Macedon, NY, USA) (Van Soest et al. 1991 (link)). Cellulose was determined by subtracting the acid detergent lignin from the acid detergent fiber (Van Soest et al. 1991 (link)). Hemicellulose was determined by subtracting the acid detergent fiber from the neutral detergent fiber (Van Soest et al. 1991 (link)). Total sugars were determined by the phenol–sulfuric acid method using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1201 UV–Vis spectrophotometer) at an absorbance of 490 nm following the procedure of Dubois et al. (1956 (link)).
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The total excreta of each replicate were collected and sprayed with hydrochloric acid daily in the shed, and then they were pooled, dried, regained for 1 day and weighted. FI was measured by the total consumption of feed divided by 3 d. The feed and excreta samples were refrigerated (4°C) and were ground through a 40-mesh screen prior to chemical analysis. The gross energy (GE) of diets and excreta was determined by a bomb calorimeter (IKA-C3000, Staufen, Germany). Excreta and feed samples were analyzed for moisture (AOAC, 2000, method 934.01). Crude protein (CP) and nitrogen (N) content (AOAC, 2000; method 990.03) [13 ]. Ingredients were further analyzed for ether extract (EE) that was extracted with 40°C to 60°C petroleum ether by ether extraction method (AOAC, 2012; 920.39) and for crude fiber (CF) that was also using standard analytical procedures (AOAC, 2012; 962.09). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using an Ankom220 Fiber Analyzer (Ankom Technology, NY, USA) (AOAC, 2012; 973.18).
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Dried feed samples were ground in Foss CT 293 Cyclotec General Purpose Sample Mill fitted with a 1 mm screen for subsequent chemical analysis (Foss, Nils Foss Allé 1, DK-3400 Hilleroed, Denmark). Ash concentrations (g/kg DM) were determined by complete combustion in a muffle furnace (Nabertherm, GmbH, Lilienthal, Germany) at 550 °C for 5 h. Crude protein (g/kg DM) was determined by obtaining the nitrogen concentration (g/kg DM) of the feed and residue samples using a LECO FP 528 instrument and then multiplying this figure by 6.25 (Purcell et al., 2014 ). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (g/kg DM) was determined using the ANKOM220 Fiber Analyzer (ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY, United States) as described by O’Kiely (2011) .
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DM, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, and crude ash were determined according to AOAC [85 ]. Chemicals used in the analysis of crude protein, lipids, and crude fiber were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland. To determine dry matter, samples were dried at 105 °C to constant weight. Crude protein (N × 6.25) was identified by the Kjeldahl method, using a Büchi Scrubber B414 unit and a Büchi 324 distillation set (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland). Crude fat content was assigned using traditional Soxhlet extraction method with diethyl ether. Crude fiber was determined as the residue after sequential treatment with 1.25% H2SO4 and with 1.25% NaOH using an ANKOM220 Fiber Analyzer (ANKOM Technology, New York, NY, USA). Crude ash was measured by burning in a muffle furnace at 580 °C for 8 h. NFE content of each diet was calculated on the basis of the assessed chemical composition. The results are expressed in g per 100 g DM.
On the basis of identified chemical composition, ME (kcal/100 g DM) of the foods was calculated, according to the equation provided by the NRC [4 ], using Atwater factors.
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The dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), CP contents, crude fiber analyzed according to the AOAC (1990) procedures. Phosphorus (P) concentrations of the samples were assayed photometrically, and calcium (Ca) concentrations were determined with anatomic absorption spectrophotometer (model 5100 PC, Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were analyzed according to the methods of Van Soest et al. (1991) (link) using the Ankom system (Ankom 220 fiber analyzer; Ankom, USA) and heat-stable α-amylase without sodium sulfate. Physically effective NDF (pe NDF) was calculated by the method of Sova et al. (2014) (link). Net energy for lactation and metabolic energy were calculated based on NRC (2001) equations. The nitrogen fractions, defined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), were determined using the methods described by Licitra et al. (1996) . The AA analysis was performed after the samples were hydrolyzed in 6 M hydrochloric acid for 24 h at 100°C. Single AA was analyzed with a Hitachi L8800 analyzer (Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan), with the exception of Met and Trp, whose contents were measured after hydrolysis in formic acid for 24 h (Hagen et al., 1989 (link)).
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A press and sensor machine (EA-6, Laurel Electronics, Costa Mesa, CA, USA) was
used to measure the total gas (TG). The pH was determined using the Schott
® Instrumets Lab 860 (SI Analytics GmbH, Mainz, Germany)
after opening each serum bottle. Samples of fermentation were also collected in
1.5 mL cryotubes and deep frozen at −80°C. These samples were
later thawed at room temperature and then centrifuged at 13,000×g for 15
min at 4°C using a Micro 17TR centrifuge (Hanil Science Industrial,
Incheon, Korea) and the supernatant was used for ammonia nitrogen
(NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) analysis [22 (link)]. Using the Libra S22 spectrophotometer
(Biochrom, Cambridge, UK) at an absorbance of 630 nm, NH3-N
concentration was measured according to the methods developed by Chaney and
Marbach [25 (link)]. VFA were analyzed using
high performance liquid chromatography (Agilent Technologies1200 series, Agilent
Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with a UV detector (210 nm and 220 nm) and a
Metacarb87H (Agilent Technologies) column using 0.0085 N
H2SO4 as a buffer at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and
temperature column of 35°C. The DM disappearance in the rumen was
calculated according to the protocol of Van Emon et al. [26 (link)]. For NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) analysis, ANKOM
220 Fiber Analyzer (AnkomTechnology) based on the Van Soest et al. [20 (link)] method was used.
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