1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium acetate emim ac

Bombyx mori silk cocoons were purchased from Treenway Silks (Lakewood, CO, USA). The silk cocoons were boiled in 0.02 M NaHCO₃ obtained from Sigma Aldrich USA (CAS#: 144-55-8) for 15 min, then washed three times in deionized water baths in order to remove sericin proteins and extract the silk fibroin. Following this, the silk fibers were dried in a fume hood for 48 h. Cellulose acetate powder (CAS#: 9004-35-7) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) (CAS#: 143314-17-4) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co., LTD (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol was purchased from Sigma Aldrich USA (CAS#: 67-56-1). Prior to being used as a solvent, EMIMAc was placed in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for 24 h to fully remove any residual water moisture. All the substances that were used for the chemical analysis were analytical grade.

Column chromatography
was performed on automated column chromatography Biotage Isolera Spektra
One with Biotage SNAP-10g KP-sil columns. Thin layer chromatography
(TLC) was performed on Merck TLC plates precoated with silica gel
60 F254 (Art 5715, 0.25 mm) and visualized with ultraviolet light
(254 nm). The ¹H NMR (400 MHz) and ¹³C NMR (101
MHz) spectra were recorded on a Varian 400 instrument, and ¹⁹F NMR (470 MHz) spectra were recorded on a Varian 500 spectrometer.
The chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (δ) relative
to the residual solvent peak CDCl₃: ¹H NMR at
δ 7.26 and ¹³C NMR at δ 77.16. Coupling constants
(J) are reported in hertz. Infrared (IR) spectra
were recorded on a PerkinElmer series FT-IR spectrometer and are reported
in wavenumbers (cm^–1). Melting points were recorded
on a Stuart Scientific Melting Point SMP1 instrument. Gas chromatographic
studies were performed using an Agilent 7820A instrument equipped
with a flame ionization detector and an Agilent HP-5 19091J-413 column.
Crystallographic data were obtained using a Bruker D8 VENTURE Kappa
Duo PHOTONIII instrument. The 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
(EMIMAc) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stockholm, Sweden), produced
by BASF ≥95%, and dried in vacuo with heating prior to use.
All other solvents and reagents were purchased from commercial sources
and used without further treatments.

laccases from Trametes versicolor (lacT), laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (lacM), synthetic melanin, acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, acetovanillone, vanillic acid, vanillyl alcohol, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt), sodium phosphate dibasic, penicillin, streptomycin, phosphate-buffered saline, neutral red (NR), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Citric acid was obtained from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan). Trypsin-EDTA, fetal bovine serum, and DMEM were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.

Miscanthus Mx2779, also known as GNT-14, is a novel rapidly multiplied seeded interspecies hybrid (Miscanthus sinensis × M. sacchariflorus) bred in Aberystwyth in 2013. Mx2779 material was used and prepared for SE pretreatment as previously described (Bhatia et al., 2020 (link)). A representative portion of the untreated Mx2779 material was prepared for IL pretreatment per technical report NREL/TP-510-42620 (Hames et al., 2008 ). Biomass moisture content was determined per technical report NREL/TP-510-42621 (Sluiter et al., 2008a ). Triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate [TEA][HSO₄] was synthesised as described by Gschwend et al., 2016 . 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]), also known as [C₂mim][OAc], was purchased (Sigma-Aldrich).