The largest database of trusted experimental protocols

Ketamine hydrochloride

Manufactured by Alfasan
Sourced in Netherlands

Ketamine hydrochloride is a chemical compound commonly used as a general anesthetic and analgesic in medical and veterinary settings. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The primary function of ketamine hydrochloride is to induce a dissociative anesthetic state, resulting in pain relief, sedation, and amnesia.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

9 protocols using ketamine hydrochloride

1

Serum Corticosterone Measurement Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
After the elevated plus maze test, mice were subdivided into two groups: one group was used to measure baseline serum corticosterone levels 2 days after the elevated plus maze test. The other group was used to measure stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels and tested 20 min after the elevated plus maze test. The cardiac puncture was used to collect the blood of mice. Animals were anesthetized by an i.p. injection of Ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg; Alfasan) plus Xylazine (4 mg/kg; Alfasan). The entire sampling procedure was completed within 8 min after removing the animal from its living cage. This is rapid enough to perform a reliable assessment of baseline and stress-induced serum corticosterone levels at the time of sampling, without any undesirable effect of disturbance or anesthesia44 (link). The blood was collected into sterile tubes and allowed to clot on ice for a minimum of 15–20 min before centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Then, serum was collected into sterile vials and stored at −20 °C until assayed. The specific quantitative sandwich ELISA kit (Bio-Medical Assay Company, Sensitivity: <3 ng/ml) was used to meaure corticosterone according to the manufacturer’s instruction. All samples and standards were assayed in triplicate.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
2

Isolation and Culture of Rat Endometrial Cells

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Validated method was used for endometrial cells isolation of rat uterus (20 (link)). At the end
of the eighth week (56th day) of the study and 4 days after the observation of
sperm in the vaginal smears, rats in all groups were sacrificed by intraperitoneal
injection of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg, Alfasan, Woerden, Netherlands) and xylazine
hydrochloride (Alfasan, Woerden, Netherlands, 7 mg/ kg, Fig .1). Their uterine horns were
dissected and the endometrium was removed in a sterile condition. The endometrial samples
were washed with Hanks’ balanced salt solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), then
chopped into several fragments and kept in the sterile micro tubes. The endometrium of one
uterine horn was used directly for molecular experiments, and another was used for cell
isolation and culture, followed by molecular experiments on day 7.
The isolated cells in the all groups were maintained in
DMEM F-12 (1:1, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)
containing fetal calf serum (FCS, 10%, Sigma-Aldrich,
St. Louis, MO, USA), penicillin (Aldrich-St. Louis, MO, USA) and streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO,
USA). The cells were then transferred to special culture
flasks. Initial incubation was carried out for 2 hours at
37˚C with 5% carbon dioxide concentration. Then, every
three days, the cell culture medium changed.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
3

Sciatic Nerve Transection and Repair

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
All animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Alfasan, Netherlands) and 5 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (Alfasan, Netherlands) intraperitoneally. To dissect the sciatic nerve, the right hind limb was shaved and a 3 cm longitudinal cutaneous incision made in the posterolateral side of the thigh to expose the sciatic nerve. The right sciatic nerve was transected at the midway by a sharp surgical knife (Figure 1B). The epineurium of transected nerve was sutured with size 7.0 Prolene sutures and the muscle fascia and skin sutured with size 4.0 nylon sutures (Figure 1C).
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
4

Rabbit Gingival Graft Healing and Geometry

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
To anesthetize the rabbits, 10% ketamine hydrochloride (Alfasan, Woerden, Netherlands) at a dose of 30 mg⁄kg and 2% xylazine (Alfasan, Woerden, Netherlands) at a dose of 3 mg⁄kg were injected intramuscularly in the upper outer quarter of the thigh quadriceps muscle of the animals.
Histological analyses were carried out 7 and 28 days after FGG. At each time interval of analysis (days 7 and 28), 10 animals, 5 per group, were killed by an overdose of ketamine and xylazine. GT and KTW were evaluated at baseline and 7 and 28 days after surgery by an endodontic reamer with a silicon stop.15 (link) Furthermore, the wound healing index was assessed 7 and 28 days after surgery.
The wound healing index was graded as below: Grade 1: healing without any major events, with no edema, gingival erythema, pus discharge, or opening of the wound edges. Grade 2: healing without any major events; healing with a small amount of edema or gingival erythema or opening of the wound edges, but without any discharge of pus. Grade 3: poor wound healing with marked gingival edema, erythema, and opening of the wound edges or any pus discharge.16 (link) All the surgical procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon (A.M.), and all the measurements were made by another blinded operator (S.Sh.).
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
5

Anesthetic Cocktail Preparation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Vanillic acid (sigma), normal saline (N/S), Ketamine hydrochloride and Xylazine (Alfasan Co, Woderen-Holland).
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
6

Primate Hypertension Evaluation Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Blood pressure measurements were conducted at 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm. Monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (Alfasan International B.V., Woerden, Holland) at 10 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly. Fifteen minutes after ketamine injection, monkeys were laid on a bed in a supine position. Hair on the left upper arm was shaved. A cuff connecting to a bedside monitor (GE B40i; GE-Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) was placed on the upper extremity. A series of three measurements was obtained automatically at one-minute intervals. A new set of measurements was performed if the difference between the lowest and the highest reading exceeded 15 mm Hg. Monkeys with three measures of systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure >110 mm Hg were classified as having severe hypertension and treated with valsartan (Beijing Novartis Pharmaceutical Inc., Beijing, China), an angiotensin II receptor blocker.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
7

Deoxycholate and BBR Extraction Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Deoxycholate and BBR (98% purity) were purchased from Sigma. Ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine were from Alfasan (Holland). The chemical used including NaOH, KH2PO4, NaCl, HCl, and other materials and solvents were analytical grades. Equipment was used including rotary (Buchi, Switzerland), centrifuge, filter amicon 3000 KD, and spectrophotometer UV-Vis (UV-160 A, SHIMADZU – Japan).
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
8

Stabilization and Preservation of Rice Bran

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Standard gamma-oryzanol and Alcian blue solution was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF 4 (>99%) was purchased from Cheng Jie Chemical Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). Sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropanol) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sucrose was purchased from Difco TM , Livonia, MI, USA. Sodium chloride solution (0.9%) was purchased from PT. Otsuka Indonesia, Lawang, East Java, Indonesia. Omeprazole (OMZ) was obtained from Novell Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine were purchased from Alfasan Co. (Woerden, The Netherlands).
The fresh rice bran variety IR 64 (Oryza sativa L.) was obtained from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The fresh rice bran samples in a drying tray were inserted into an oven (Memmert, Germany), which was set at 110 • C for 15 min. After that, the rice bran sample was cooled in a container for 30 min to reach room temperature. The stabilized rice bran was then put in clear plastic and stored at room temperature.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
9

Canine Dental Pulp Extraction Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Four female mongrel dogs, aged between 6 and 8 and weighing 3–5 kg, were kept in an individual room with controlled light and heat and access to food and water at the animal care unit of the Dental Research Center at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Since each dog had 12 primary premolars, a total of 48 teeth were evaluated. Each dog was anesthetized by subcutaneous injection of 0.02 mg/kg atropine (Alfasan, Holland) and intramuscular injection of 10 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Alfasan, Holland) and 0.02 mL/kg 1% acepromazine (Alfasan, Holland). After intubation, anesthesia was continued with the administration of halothane (Nicholas, India). After taking a periapical radiograph by bisecting angle technique (Agfa, Primax, Berlin) from the respective tooth, the surrounding area was disinfected with 0.2% chlorhexidine (Iran Najo Pharmaceutical, Tehran, Iran). After calculus removal by ultrasonic scaler, a straight fissure bur (008) was used for access cavity preparation. Pulpal tissue was completely removed to the level of the cementoenamel junction by a sharp excavator, low-speed handpiece, and round bur. Next, hemostasis was induced at the canal orifice using a cotton pellet dipped in saline, as shown in Fig. 2a.

(a) Access cavity preparation, (b) calculation of the extent of osteogenesis and (c) powder XRD pattern of mesoporous MCM-48 and MCM-48/HA samples

+ Open protocol
+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required

Sign up now

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!