Total RNA of S. islandicus was fragmented at the alkaline condition as described above. RNA fragments were dephosphorylated, 5′-phosphorylated and ligated to the pre-adenylated 3′ adaptor and the 5′ adaptors (Supplementary Table S9 ) as in Ψ-seq and RNA-seq. RNA was purified by the RNA Clean and Concentration kit and eluted with 10 μl water. A 1.5 μl aliquot of the purified RNA was used for input library construction and 8.5 μl was treated with bisulfate as previously described (10 (link)). The 8.5 μl RNA was mixed with 45 μl freshly prepared solution of 2.4 M Na2SO3 (catalog no. 239321, Sigma) and 0.36 M NaHSO3 (catalog no. 799394, Sigma) and incubated at 70°C for 3 h. The RNA was purified and treated with desulphonation buffer (catalog no. R5001-3-40, Zymo Research). Both input and treated RNA were converted into cDNA with SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase (catalog no. 18090050, Thermo Scientific). cDNA was amplified and subjected to Illumina sequencing as described above.
Na2so3
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
About the product
Na2SO3 is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium sulfite. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Na2SO3 is used as a reducing agent and preservative in various industrial and food-related applications.
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Na2SO3 (by Thermo Fisher Scientific) - 9 citations
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70 protocols using «na2so3»
1
RNA Fragmentation and Bisulfite Sequencing
2
Computational Study of Cobalamin Complexes
Aqua cobalamin hydrochloride (HOCbl ≥ 98 %) and the ligands cysteine, Na2SO3, Na2SO4, β-mercaptoethanol (β-MT), diethylamine, ammonia, sodium sulfide and sodium acetate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. 50 mM solutions of mono-, di-and trisodic phosphate in bidistilled water were prepared, titrated to the desired pH value (3, 5, 7, 10 and 12 respectively) and used as buffers.
Calculations were carried out with DFT 35 (link) and TD-DFT methods using the TPSS 36 (link) density functional and the Gaussian 9 software package. 37 Two molecular models (complete and truncated) for cobalamin were generated. In the truncated model, the lateral substituents on the corrin as well as the methyl groups on the benzimidazole replaced by hydrogen atoms. Gas-phase geometries and frequency analyses of ligands were computed with the aid of the B3LYP 38 (link) functional with the def2-SV(P) double-zeta basis set. TD-DFT derived 39 (link) UV-Vis spectra were computed in the C-PCM solvent continuum adapted for aqueous environment. 40 (link) For the latter property, the B3PW91 38, (link)41 functional was employed. From the TD-DFT outputs, reported here are the most intense transition in the visible region (equivalent to Bands III and IV in Table 1) and the most intense band in the 300-400 nm region. The wavelengths and oscillator strengths for these two maxima are reported in Tables 2-6 after scaling, since as discussed before 33 (link) the agreement with experiment is only semi-quantitative and would be difficult to follow without scaling. Thus, for oscillator strengths (f) the scaling formula was freported= =fTDDFT•1.9677. For the wavelengths, the formulae were λBand I, reported = 42.10 + λBand I, TDDFT and λBand III+IV, reported = 42.10 + λBand I, TDDFT + (λBand III+IV, TDDFT -λBand I, TDDFT) 1.0370 . The numerical coefficients in these scaling equations were derived from least-squares fitting procedures against experimental data for aqua, hydroxo, cyano and sulfido Cbl shown in Table 1. Interconversion between oscillator strength f and molar absorptivity ε was performed using the formula ε = 40490 • f, which assumes a value of 0.4 eV (as typical in GaussView) for the half-width of the Gaussian band at ε = εmax/e. 37 UV-vis spectra were recorded on a Cary 50 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Varian, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and were monitored for up to 65 minutes after mixing Cbl with its potential ligands to verify the stability of the final products. Unless otherwise specified, the aquaCbl was at a concentration of 0.017 mM, with the ligand at an excess of 100.
Calculations were carried out with DFT 35 (link) and TD-DFT methods using the TPSS 36 (link) density functional and the Gaussian 9 software package. 37 Two molecular models (complete and truncated) for cobalamin were generated. In the truncated model, the lateral substituents on the corrin as well as the methyl groups on the benzimidazole replaced by hydrogen atoms. Gas-phase geometries and frequency analyses of ligands were computed with the aid of the B3LYP 38 (link) functional with the def2-SV(P) double-zeta basis set. TD-DFT derived 39 (link) UV-Vis spectra were computed in the C-PCM solvent continuum adapted for aqueous environment. 40 (link) For the latter property, the B3PW91 38, (link)41 functional was employed. From the TD-DFT outputs, reported here are the most intense transition in the visible region (equivalent to Bands III and IV in Table 1) and the most intense band in the 300-400 nm region. The wavelengths and oscillator strengths for these two maxima are reported in Tables 2-6 after scaling, since as discussed before 33 (link) the agreement with experiment is only semi-quantitative and would be difficult to follow without scaling. Thus, for oscillator strengths (f) the scaling formula was freported= =fTDDFT•1.9677. For the wavelengths, the formulae were λBand I, reported = 42.10 + λBand I, TDDFT and λBand III+IV, reported = 42.10 + λBand I, TDDFT + (λBand III+IV, TDDFT -λBand I, TDDFT) 1.0370 . The numerical coefficients in these scaling equations were derived from least-squares fitting procedures against experimental data for aqua, hydroxo, cyano and sulfido Cbl shown in Table 1. Interconversion between oscillator strength f and molar absorptivity ε was performed using the formula ε = 40490 • f, which assumes a value of 0.4 eV (as typical in GaussView) for the half-width of the Gaussian band at ε = εmax/e. 37 UV-vis spectra were recorded on a Cary 50 UV-vis spectrophotometer (Varian, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and were monitored for up to 65 minutes after mixing Cbl with its potential ligands to verify the stability of the final products. Unless otherwise specified, the aquaCbl was at a concentration of 0.017 mM, with the ligand at an excess of 100.
3
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sb2Se3 Thin Films
All Sb2Se3 films were
deposited onto molybdenum (Mo)-coated glass substrates (Guluo, Luoyang).
Before deposition, the Mo-coated glass was cleaned with acetone, soapy
water, Milli-Q water, and isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath for 10
min each. After cleaning, the Mo-coated glass substrates were dried
under N2 flow. The Sb2Se3 films were
fabricated via a hydrothermal method, utilizing potassium antimony
tartrate trihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%) and selenourea (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%) as the Sb and Se sources, respectively. First, 0.334 g (10 mM)
of K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2·3H2O and 0.126 g (20 mM) of Na2SO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%) were sequentially
added to a beaker containing 50 mL of Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm).
The solution was stirred at 400 rpm for 5 min after each addition.
The addition of Na2SO3 caused an increase in
the pH of the solution (from pH of 4.13 to pH of 6.89), leading to
the formation of Sb2O3. Subsequently, 0.246 g (40 mM) of (NH2)2CSe was added to the above solution, leading to a decrease
in pH to 6.61 To remove the Sb2O3 precipitation,
the as-prepared solution was allowed to precipitate for 4 h and then
filtered with filter paper. For the fabrication of Sn-doped Sb2Se3 films, various amounts of SnSO4 (0.1,
0.2, and 0.3 mM) as a dopant were added to the filtered solution.
The resulting solution was then transferred into a 100 mL Teflon-lined
hydrothermal reactor. Mo-coated glass substrates, partially wrapped
with Teflon tape and placed face down in a holder, were positioned
in the Teflon tank. The reaction was held at 165 °C for 4 h in
an oven. Following the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled
to room temperature. Then, the Sb2Se3 films
were successfully deposited on the Mo substrates. The Sb2Se3 films were
then rinsed with deionized water and dried with flowing N2 in ambient air.
deposited onto molybdenum (Mo)-coated glass substrates (Guluo, Luoyang).
Before deposition, the Mo-coated glass was cleaned with acetone, soapy
water, Milli-Q water, and isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath for 10
min each. After cleaning, the Mo-coated glass substrates were dried
under N2 flow. The Sb2Se3 films were
fabricated via a hydrothermal method, utilizing potassium antimony
tartrate trihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%) and selenourea (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%) as the Sb and Se sources, respectively. First, 0.334 g (10 mM)
of K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2·3H2O and 0.126 g (20 mM) of Na2SO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%) were sequentially
added to a beaker containing 50 mL of Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm).
The solution was stirred at 400 rpm for 5 min after each addition.
The addition of Na2SO3 caused an increase in
the pH of the solution (from pH of 4.13 to pH of 6.89), leading to
the formation of Sb2O3. Subsequently, 0.246 g (40 mM) of (NH2)2CSe was added to the above solution, leading to a decrease
in pH to 6.61 To remove the Sb2O3 precipitation,
the as-prepared solution was allowed to precipitate for 4 h and then
filtered with filter paper. For the fabrication of Sn-doped Sb2Se3 films, various amounts of SnSO4 (0.1,
0.2, and 0.3 mM) as a dopant were added to the filtered solution.
The resulting solution was then transferred into a 100 mL Teflon-lined
hydrothermal reactor. Mo-coated glass substrates, partially wrapped
with Teflon tape and placed face down in a holder, were positioned
in the Teflon tank. The reaction was held at 165 °C for 4 h in
an oven. Following the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled
to room temperature. Then, the Sb2Se3 films
were successfully deposited on the Mo substrates. The Sb2Se3 films were
then rinsed with deionized water and dried with flowing N2 in ambient air.
4
Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Dysfunction
L-Thy, Na2SO3, NaHSO3, and HDX (serine racemase inhibitor) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. AAT1 (14886-1-AP), AAT2 (14800-1-AP), CHOP (15204-1-AP), Caspase3 (19677-1-AP), Caspase9 (10380-1-AP), Bax (50599-2-Ig), Bcl2 (26593-1-AP), MMP2 (10373-2-AP), MMP3 (66338-1-Ig), Collagen I (14695-1-AP), Collagen III (22734-1-AP), YAP1 (13584-1-AP) and GAPDH (10494-1-AP) primary antibodies and mouse/rabbit secondary antibodies were purchased from Proteintech. MST1 (3682T), GRP78/BIP (3177P), ERP72 (5033P), and Phosphor-YAP (P-YAP) (13008S) primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; TIMP2 (A1558) and LATS1 (A17992) primary antibodies were purchased from ABclonal. Meanwhile, gel configuration kits and BCA protein quantification kits were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) kit was purchased from New Cell and Molecular Biotech Co, Ltd. Total-triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) ELISA kits were purchased from Wuhan Purity Biotech Co, Ltd. SO2 ELISA kit was purchased from Shanghai Enzyme Link Biotech Co, Ltd. Scrambled control siRNA oligonucleotide (si-NC) or siRNA for YAP1 were purchased from Hanbio Tech.
5
Spectroelectrochemical Cell Preparation
The spectroelectrochemical cell was cleaned before use with piranha solution and then rinsed thoroughly with copious amounts of ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) supplied by an Elga Purelab Chorus water-purification system. D2O, 99.9% D-atom, was obtained from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. Once filled with the electrolyte, the cell was deaerated with either nitrogen or argon (BOC) for a minimum of 10 minutes before measurements. The counter electrode was a gold wire, 99.999% purity metals basis (Alfa-Aesar) which was flame annealed to red heat before use. The potentiostat was an Emstat 3 Blue (Palmsense). The electrolyte was 0.1 M HClO4, prepared by diluting 70% HClO4, Emsure grade, purchased from Sigma Aldrich, unless otherwise stated.
Analytical grade NaAuCl4 (99%), Na2SO3 (98%), Na2S2O3·5H2O (99%), NH4Cl (99.5%) and HF (48%), all purchased from Sigma Aldrich, were used without further purification to prepare the gold-plating baths.
Analytical grade NaAuCl4 (99%), Na2SO3 (98%), Na2S2O3·5H2O (99%), NH4Cl (99.5%) and HF (48%), all purchased from Sigma Aldrich, were used without further purification to prepare the gold-plating baths.
Top 5 protocols citing «na2so3»
1
Synthesis and Functionalization of Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles
Synthesis of mNPs was performed as previously described [12 ] and chemical structure is shown in Fig 1 . Briefly, 2 M FeCl3 (Fluka, Istanbul, Turkey) was combined with 80 mM Na2SO3 (Merck) prior to the addition of 25% NH3 solution (Merck) under nitrogen gas. After 30 minutes heating at 70 oC, the particles were washed with a water–ethanol (2:1) mixture and re-suspended in 80% ethanol. The particles were mixed with tetraethyl orthosilicate for 12 hours at 40 oC and washed with methanol prior to incubation with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, Sigma, USA) 12 hours at 60 oC with rapid stirring.
Separately, solutions of mannose triflate (Fluka, Istanbul, Turkey) and cysteamine (2-aminoetanethiol; Sigma, Istanbul, Turkey) were prepared in water, mixed heated for 1 hour at 90 oC, precipitated and dried overnight prior to dissolving in dimethyl formamide (Merck). Next, solutions of Kryptofix (Merck), K2CO3 (Fluka, Istanbul, Turkey) dimethyl formamide (Merkc) and NaF (Merck) were added to 1 ml of the prepared mannose triflate-cysteamine and heated for 20 minutes at 90 oC. The product was purified by sequential passing through a Dowex 50 cation exchange resin column (Sigma, USA), Ambersep 900 quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin (Fluka), Amberlite anion exchange resin (Sigma) and finally a C18 pre-cartridge (Sigma, USA). The purified NaF substituted mannose triflate-cysteamine was mixed with the mNPs prior to the addition of N-Hydroxysuccinimide (Merck) and mixing for 2 hours.
For the labelling of mNPs with indocyanine green (ICG), the mNPs were mixed with carbonyl diimidazole and N-Hydroxysuccinimide for 15 minutes at room temperature prior to the addition of ICG solution (Sigma, USA) and a further 15 minutes mixing at room temperature. Finally, mercaptoethanol (Sigma, USA) was added to the reaction mixture for 2 hours at room temperature prior to washing and storage in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at 4 oC. ICG labelled FDG-mNPs were checked for excitation and emission spectra at 780 nm 820 nm respectively and eluted in 60% acetonitrile (in distilled water).
Separately, solutions of mannose triflate (Fluka, Istanbul, Turkey) and cysteamine (2-aminoetanethiol; Sigma, Istanbul, Turkey) were prepared in water, mixed heated for 1 hour at 90 oC, precipitated and dried overnight prior to dissolving in dimethyl formamide (Merck). Next, solutions of Kryptofix (Merck), K2CO3 (Fluka, Istanbul, Turkey) dimethyl formamide (Merkc) and NaF (Merck) were added to 1 ml of the prepared mannose triflate-cysteamine and heated for 20 minutes at 90 oC. The product was purified by sequential passing through a Dowex 50 cation exchange resin column (Sigma, USA), Ambersep 900 quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin (Fluka), Amberlite anion exchange resin (Sigma) and finally a C18 pre-cartridge (Sigma, USA). The purified NaF substituted mannose triflate-cysteamine was mixed with the mNPs prior to the addition of N-Hydroxysuccinimide (Merck) and mixing for 2 hours.
For the labelling of mNPs with indocyanine green (ICG), the mNPs were mixed with carbonyl diimidazole and N-Hydroxysuccinimide for 15 minutes at room temperature prior to the addition of ICG solution (Sigma, USA) and a further 15 minutes mixing at room temperature. Finally, mercaptoethanol (Sigma, USA) was added to the reaction mixture for 2 hours at room temperature prior to washing and storage in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at 4 oC. ICG labelled FDG-mNPs were checked for excitation and emission spectra at 780 nm 820 nm respectively and eluted in 60% acetonitrile (in distilled water).
2
Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives
Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride 97% (PTCDA), 2-ethyl-1-hexylamine 98%, bromine ≥99.99%), fuming nitric acid >90%, 4-styryl boronic acid ≥95%, phenyl boronic acid ≥97%, magnesium sulphate anhydrous >99.5% (MgSO4), sodium sulphite >98% Na2SO3 were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, 64293, Germany). Tetrahydrofuran was purchased also from Merck and was freshly distilled with benzophenone and metallic sodium (THF (dry)). All other solvents and reagents were purchased from Aldrich or Alfa Aesar and were used without further purification unless otherwise stated. 4-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy) phenylboronic acid [41 (link)], 6-Bromo phenyl-(2-perfluorophenyl)-4-phenyl-quinoline (Br5FQ) [32 (link)], 6-phenyl-(2-perfluorophenyl)-4-phenyl-quinoline (Ph-5FQ) [33 (link)] 6-bromo-(2-pyridinyl)-4-phenyl-quinoline (Br-QPy) [35 (link)] and the catalyst palladium (II) tetrakis triphenyl2phosphine [Pd (PPh3)4] [47 ] were synthesized according to published procedures.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Chloroquine Precursors
CLQ N4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolyl)-N1,N1-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine Diphosphate (see Table 1 ) was purchased from VWR (with purity ≥ 98%). 7-chloro-4-quinolinamine (4-Amino-7-chloroquinoline) (CQLA) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (see Table 1 ). Oxalic acid (OAA) (anhydrous, ≥ 98.0) and oxamic acid (OAMA) (anhydrous, ≥ 97.0) were received from VWR (see Table 1 ). 30% (by mass) H2O2 solutions were purchased from VWR. Analytical grade FeSO4·7H2O, Na2SO3, and Ti(SO4)2 were used as received from Sigma-Aldrich. The other chemicals used for pH adjustment and in chromatography analysis are HPLC analytical grade from Sigma Aldrich or Fluka. All aqueous solutions were prepared in deionized water obtained from Mill-Q™ system having 18 mΩ cm−1 resistivity.Table 1
Chemical formulas and structures of CLQ and its intermediates.
| Substance | Chemical formula | Chemical structure |
|---|---|---|
| Chloroquine | C18H26ClN3 | |
| 7-chloro-4-quinolinamine | C9H7ClN2 | |
| Oxamic acid | C2H3NO3 | |
| Oxalic acid | C2H2O4 |
4
Sulfite Determination in Food Samples
All chemicals and reagents used were analytical reagent grade. All solutions were prepared in a deionized (DI) Milli-Q® Advantage A10 Water Purification System (resistivity 18.2 MΩ·cm, Millipore SAS, Molsheim, France). Stock standard sulfite of 1000 mg L−1 SO32− was freshly prepared by dissolving 0.1575 g of Na2SO3 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in 100.0 mL of 0.1% (w/v) Na2EDTA (Fisher scientific, Loughborough, UK). The accurate concentration of this stock standard solution was determined by titration with standardized iodine solution. A stock solution of 20% (w/w) sugar (food grade from Mitr Phol Sugar, Thailand) was prepared by weighing exactly 10.00 g of table sugar followed by the addition of 40.00 g of deionized water.
A working sulfite standard for the determination of total sulfite was freshly prepared from the 1000 mg L−1 SO32− stock solution by aliquoting appropriate volumes to give a series of sulfite standards (5 to 25 mg L−1 SO32−). For the analysis of wine samples, to each aliquot of the stock sulfite solution, 0.50 mL of 5% (w/v) Na2EDTA and 2.50 mL of 4 mol L−1 NaOH (Merck, Germany) were added and then the solution made up to volume with DI water in a 25.00-mL volumetric flask. For the analysis of dried fruit extracts and turbid fruit juices, 2.50 mL of 20% (w/w) sugar was also added into each aliquot of standard sulfite solution. A working sulfite standard for the determination of free sulfite was freshly prepared in the same manner as for the determination of total sulfite, but without the addition of the NaOH solution.
A working sulfite standard for the determination of total sulfite was freshly prepared from the 1000 mg L−1 SO32− stock solution by aliquoting appropriate volumes to give a series of sulfite standards (5 to 25 mg L−1 SO32−). For the analysis of wine samples, to each aliquot of the stock sulfite solution, 0.50 mL of 5% (w/v) Na2EDTA and 2.50 mL of 4 mol L−1 NaOH (Merck, Germany) were added and then the solution made up to volume with DI water in a 25.00-mL volumetric flask. For the analysis of dried fruit extracts and turbid fruit juices, 2.50 mL of 20% (w/w) sugar was also added into each aliquot of standard sulfite solution. A working sulfite standard for the determination of free sulfite was freshly prepared in the same manner as for the determination of total sulfite, but without the addition of the NaOH solution.
5
In Situ FTIRS of Pt Nanocrystals
The spectro-electrochemical setup and the dual thin-layer flow cell used in this study were described in detail in [12 (link),20 (link)]. The in situ FTIRS measurements in an attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration were carried out using a BioRad FTS 6000 spectrometer equipped with a HgCdTe (MCT) detector, cooled with liquid nitrogen. The spectral resolution was set to 4 cm−1. The absorption is given in absorbance units defined as A = −log(R/R0), where R and R0 denote the reflectance at a given potential and at the reference potential, respectively. The respective reference potentials for R0 are specified in the figure captions.
For the FTIRS measurements the Pt nanocrystals were deposited on a thin Au film serving as chemically inert and stable and electrically conducting substrate, which in turn is deposited on a Si prism. The Au films have to be thin enough to be FTIR transparent and thick enough to exhibit sufficient electric conductivity and fully cover the Si substrate. The gold thin film was prepared by electroless deposition on the flat plane of a Si prism, using the procedure published by Miyake et al. [18 (link)]. After polishing and cleaning of the Si prism, its flat surface was dipped into 40% NH4F (BASF, Selectipure grade) in order to remove the oxide layer and to obtain a H-terminated Si surface, which improves the adhesion of the film. The gold plating solution consisted of a 1:1:1 mixture of 2% HF (Merck, suprapure grade), 0.03 M NaAuCl4 (Alfa Aesar) and 0.3 M Na2SO3 + 0.1 M Na2S2O3 + 0.1 M NH4Cl (all from Merck, pro analysi grade). This freshly prepared solution was pipetted onto the Si–H surface at 50 °C. After 80 s, the resulting film was rinsed with ultrapure water and dried under a N2 stream. After pipetting and drying a droplet of water-containing shaped-selected Pt nanocrystals on the gold film (electrochemically active Pt surface area ca. 10 cm2), the Si prism was installed in the thin-layer cell by pressing its flat side via an O-ring spacer against the flow cell body. Particular attention was paid to the cleanness of the overall procedure in order to achieve similar experimental conditions as in the beaker cell measurements (see section ‘ATR-FTIRS characterization of structurally well defined Pt nanocrystals’).
For the FTIRS measurements the Pt nanocrystals were deposited on a thin Au film serving as chemically inert and stable and electrically conducting substrate, which in turn is deposited on a Si prism. The Au films have to be thin enough to be FTIR transparent and thick enough to exhibit sufficient electric conductivity and fully cover the Si substrate. The gold thin film was prepared by electroless deposition on the flat plane of a Si prism, using the procedure published by Miyake et al. [18 (link)]. After polishing and cleaning of the Si prism, its flat surface was dipped into 40% NH4F (BASF, Selectipure grade) in order to remove the oxide layer and to obtain a H-terminated Si surface, which improves the adhesion of the film. The gold plating solution consisted of a 1:1:1 mixture of 2% HF (Merck, suprapure grade), 0.03 M NaAuCl4 (Alfa Aesar) and 0.3 M Na2SO3 + 0.1 M Na2S2O3 + 0.1 M NH4Cl (all from Merck, pro analysi grade). This freshly prepared solution was pipetted onto the Si–H surface at 50 °C. After 80 s, the resulting film was rinsed with ultrapure water and dried under a N2 stream. After pipetting and drying a droplet of water-containing shaped-selected Pt nanocrystals on the gold film (electrochemically active Pt surface area ca. 10 cm2), the Si prism was installed in the thin-layer cell by pressing its flat side via an O-ring spacer against the flow cell body. Particular attention was paid to the cleanness of the overall procedure in order to achieve similar experimental conditions as in the beaker cell measurements (see section ‘ATR-FTIRS characterization of structurally well defined Pt nanocrystals’).
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