Methanol

After 30 days, the tomato plants were harvested and washed with Extran^® detergent (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) to eliminate dust and possible residues of the treatments applied. Subsequently, the plants were washed several times with distilled water. Excess water was removed with lab paper, and plants were weighed to measure their fresh weight for aerial (AFW) and root parts (RFW). After that, samples were dried overnight at 60 °C in an oven and weighed again (ADW and RDW). Finally, the leaf water content (LWC) was calculated [65 (link)].
Macro- and micronutrient analyses were performed using 0.3 g of dried leaf samples that were mineralized with HNO₃ using a microwave wet-oxidized digestion system (Start D, Milestone SRL, Milan, Italy), and the digested samples were diluted in 15 mL of ultrapure water. Nutrient concentration was measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass emission spectrometry (ICP-MS, model 720-ES, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls total and carotenoids) quantification was completed according to the method proposed by Abadía et al. [66 (link)]. For this purpose, 1 g of fresh sample was weighed, crushed, and put in a beaker with 25 mL of methanol (Merck KGaA, Germany) and 0.1 g of CaCO₃ (Merck KGaA, Germany), which was sealed with Parafilm^® to avoid evaporation and left to bleach overnight. Afterward, 1 mL of the solution was taken, made up to 25 mL with distilled water, and measured at 665, 652, and 470 nm using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO V-630, Jasco Analitica S.L., Madrid, Spain).
Transpiration intensity (TI) was carried out by measuring the water loss of an aerial part of plant of defined surface area over appropriate time intervals [67 (link),68 ]. For this purpose, one stem was taken from each seedling and was immediately sealed with a small amount of anhydrous lanolin (Cymit Química SL, Barcelona, Spain) and weighed. Afterward, the stems were deposited in an open place and the weight variation was registered every 5 min up to a time of 70 min. Leaf area was determined by drawing the outline of the leaves on pieces of paper, which were weighed and compared with the weight of known areas of the same material. The results were expressed as g·dm²·h⁻¹.

Agar, methanol, and β-CD were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (FOT, Sofia, Bulgaria) and used as received. Aripiprazole was purchased from Fengchengroup (Qingdao, China).