Glutamax

Name: Glutamax
Brand: Thermo Fisher Scientific
SKU: tCLhCZIBPBHhf-iFeNYq
Availability: InStock

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

24 457 citations

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About the product

GlutaMAX is a chemically defined, L-glutamine substitute for cell culture media. It is a stable source of L-glutamine that does not degrade over time like L-glutamine. GlutaMAX helps maintain consistent cell growth and performance in cell culture applications.

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GlutaMAX™ is an amino acid supplement product commercialized by Thermo Fisher Scientific and available through authorized distributors. Pricing typically ranges from $52.75 to $1,195.00, depending on the quantity and packaging.

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24 457 protocols using «glutamax»

Cell Line Maintenance Protocol

2025

A549 (CCL-185) and HeLa (CCL-2) cell lines from American Type Culture Collection, A549 RIG-I KO generated in this study, and A549 MAVS KO, A549OAS3 KO, A549 PKR KO, A549 RNase L KO cell lines provided by S. Weiss (27 (link), 79 (link)) were maintained at 5% CO₂ and 37°C in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’ medium (Gibco, 21969035) supplemented with heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (10%, v/v) (Sigma-Aldrich, F9665), GlutaMAX (1%, v/v) (Gibco, 35050061), and penicillin/streptomycin (1%, v/v) (Gibco, P4333).

Drazkowska K., Cieslicka J., Kitowicz M., Pastucha A., Markiewicz L., Szymanek W., Goryca K., Kowalczyk T., Cysewski D., Bausch A.R, & Sikorski P.J. (2025). Effective recognition of double-stranded RNA does not require activation of cellular inflammation. Science Advances, 11(15), eads6498.

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Hepatocyte Cell Culture Protocols

2025

HepG2 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, HB-8065, Manassas, VA) and were cultured in a DMEM medium (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY) with an addition of 10% fetal bovine serum (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY). HepaRG cells were provided by Biopredic International (HPR101, Rennes, France) and were cultured following the provider’s protocol. Specifically, HepaRG cells were initially cultured in a HepaRG growth medium including Williams’ E medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA), GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and growth additives (ADD710, Biopredic International) for 14 days until the cells became fully confluent. The cells were then kept in a HepaRG differentiation medium with differentiate additives (ADD720, Biopredic International) for 2 more weeks until cells were fully differentiated. Both HepG2 and HepaRG cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO₂, and the medium was renewed every 3 days.

Nguyen L.T., Tawfik S.M., Jin J., Durwin A, & Zhong X.B. (2025). Impact on efficacy of target reduction of two FDA-approved ASO drugs by intracellular glucose levels in in vitro cell models. Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids, 36(1), 102487.

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Cell Culture and Starvation Assay

2025

HeLa, HepG2 and HEK293T cells were cultured in high glucose and GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific; 11965092) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Cell Sera; AU-FBS/PG) and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL; Thermo Fisher Scientific; 15140122) at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ incubator. For starvation experiments, cells were incubated in DMEM low glucose (5.5 mM) (Thermo Fisher Scientific; 11054020) supplemented with glutamine for the indicated time.

Bezawork-Geleta A., Devereux C.J., Keenan S.N., Lou J., Cho E., Nie S., De Souza D.P., Narayana V.K., Siddall N.A., Rodrigues C.H., Portelli S., Zheng T., Nim H.T., Ramialison M., Hime G.R., Dodd G.T., Hinde E., Ascher D.B., Stroud D.A, & Watt M.J. (2025). Proximity proteomics reveals a mechanism of fatty acid transfer at lipid droplet-mitochondria- endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Nature Communications, 16, 2135.

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In Vitro VZV gE modRNA Expression

2025

In vitro Expression (IVE) of VZV gE modRNA LNP formulated material was assessed by flow cytometry. HEK 293 T cells (ATCC) were seeded into 12-well culture plates (ThermoFisher) at 200,000 viable cells/well in 1 mL of growth media. Growth media consists of DMEM containing high glucose, GlutaMax and sodium pyruvate (ThermoFisher), and supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum Certified One Shot (Gibco). Once confluency was reached after 16–24 h, cells were transfected with the corresponding modRNA DPs serially diluted in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) without Calcium and Magnesium (Gibco). A total of 11-point 2-fold titrations in duplicate wells in a final volume of 100 µl/well were tested. Plates were further centrifuged at 550 RCF for 5 minutes at room temperature (RT). Transfected plates were kept in a 37 °C and 5% CO2 incubator for 16–24 h. Then, culture media was aspirated, and cells were detached with Accutase™ Cell Detachment Solution (Corning) by incubation at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 10 min. Cells were resuspended in DPBS and harvested to U-bottom 96-Well Polystyrene Round Bottom Microwell Plates by pelleting using a temperature-controlled centrifuge at 550 RCF for 5 min at 25 °C. Pelleting was repeated between all further wash/treatment steps. Harvested cells were stained with LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Aqua Dead Cell 405 Stain Kit (Invitrogen) following manufacturer’s guidelines. For detection of whole cell gE protein expression levels (intracellular and surface) fixation/permeabilization solution and permeabilization wash solution was used. In the case of surface cell protein expression, Cytofix™ Fixation Buffer (BD Biosciences) and Pharmingen Stain Buffer (BSA) were used. Cells were incubated in fixation solution for 20 minutes at 5 °C and further washed and pelleted. Cells were then resuspended in 50 µl of Mouse Anti-VZV gE primary antibody solution (Abcam, ab272686) [125 ng/ml] in wash buffer and incubated for 60 min at 5 °C followed by two washes to prepare for addition of 50 µl of secondary antibody solution [500 ng/ml] (Alexa Fluor® 488 AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L), (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories) previously diluted in wash buffer and incubated further for 30 min at 5 °C. Cells were washed, pelleted, and supernatants were aspirated and finally resuspended in 200 µl of wash buffer. Cells were then acquired using LSRII or ORD Fortessa Flow Cytometry instruments and data were analyzed by FlowJo Software (BD Life Sciences). Data were processed by log-10 transformation of the x-axis and sigmoidal 4-PL non-linear curve fitting. Top and bottom of the curves were constrained to 100% and 0%, respectively. EC50 values were calculated from each curve using built-in functions of GraphPad Prism software.

Munoz-Moreno R., Allaj V., Gadee E., Button J.M., Diaz F., Maddur M.S., Chen W., Hu C.H., Martinez L., Giannakou A., Campbell A.L., Miteva Y., Guo P., Huang B., Shi S., Lotvin J., Tompkins K., Allen P.S, & Solórzano A. (2025). A highly stable lyophilized mRNA vaccine for Herpes Zoster provides potent cellular and humoral responses. NPJ Vaccines, 10, 49.

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Colon Organoid Culture from IBD Patients

2025

De-identified endoscopic tissue biopsies were collected from grossly unaffected (macroscopically regular) areas of the colon in patients undergoing endoscopy for gastrointestinal complaints. The collection and use of colonic biopsies from IBD patients for the generation of organoids were approved by the local Ethics Committee and Review Board of West China Hospital (Approval No. 2023[1081]). Informed consent was written from all patients for the use of their tissue in this research. Tissue was digested in 2 mg/ml collagenase I for 40 min at 37 °C followed by mechanical dissociation, and isolated crypts were resuspended in growth factor-reduced Matrigel (Becton Dickinson) and polymerized at 37 °C. Organoids were grown in expansion medium consisting of advanced DMEM F12 supplemented with L-WRN conditioned medium (50% vol/vol, ATCC, caƒt. no. CRL-3276), glutamax (Thermo, 35050061), 20 mM HEPES (Gibco, 15630130), murine epidermal growth factor (50 ng/ml), N2 supplement, B27 supplement, 10 nM human [Leu15]-gastrin I, 1 mM n-acetyl cysteine, 10 mM nicotinamide, 10 μM SB202190, 500 nM A83-01^{105 (link)}.

Zheng H., Yu J., Gao L., Wang K., Xu Z., Zeng Z., Zheng K., Tang X., Tian X., Zhao Q., Zhao J., Wan H., Cao Z., Zhang K., Cheng J., Brosius J., Zhang H., Li W., Yan W., Shao Z., Luo F, & Deng C. (2025). S1PR1-biased activation drives the resolution of endothelial dysfunction-associated inflammatory diseases by maintaining endothelial integrity. Nature Communications, 16, 1826.

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Top 5 most cited protocols using «glutamax»

Culturing Primary Tumor Organoids

Cited 119 times

Tumor tissue was minced and digested with collagenase II (5 mg/mL, Gibco) in human complete medium (see below) at 37°C for a maximum of 16 hours. The material was further digested with TrypLE (Gibco) for 15 minutes at 37°C, embedded in GFR Matrigel, and cultured in human complete medium [AdDMEM/F12 medium supplemented with HEPES (1x, Invitrogen), Glutamax (1x, Invitrogen), penicillin/streptomycin (1x, Invitrogen), B27 (1x, Invitrogen), Primocin (1mg/ml, InvivoGen), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM, Sigma), Wnt3a-conditioned medium (50% v/v), RSPO1-conditioned medium (10% v/v, Calvin Kuo), Noggin conditioned medium (10% v/v) or recombinant protein (0.1 μg/mL, Peprotech), epidermal growth factor (EGF, 50 ng/ml, Peprotech), Gastrin (10 nM, Sigma), fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10, 100 ng/ml, Prepotech), Nicotinamide (10 mM, Sigma) and A83-01 (0.5 μM, Tocris)].
Normal samples were processed as above, except that the collagenase digestion was done for a maximum of 2 hours in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (1 mg/ml, Sigma). Following digestion, cells were embedded in GFR Matrigel and cultured in human complete medium with the addition of PGE2 (1 μM, Tocris). The targeted DNA-sequencing data are available at Ensembl under the accession number ERP006373.
Additional experimental details and methods can be found in the Supplemental Extended Experimental Procedures.

Boj S.F., Hwang C.I., Baker L.A., Chio I.I., Engle D.D., Corbo V., Jager M., Ponz-Sarvise M., Tiriac H., Spector M.S., Gracanin A., Oni T., Yu K.H., van Boxtel R., Huch M., Rivera K.D., Wilson J.P., Feigin M.E., Öhlund D., Handly-Santana A., Ardito-Abraham C.M., Ludwig M., Elyada E., Alagesan B., Biffi G., Yordanov G.N., Delcuze B., Creighton B., Wright K., Park Y., Morsink F.H., Molenaar I.Q., Borel Rinkes I.H., Cuppen E., Hao Y., Jin Y., Nijman I.J., Iacobuzio-Donahue C., Leach S.D., Pappin D.J., Hammell M., Klimstra D.S., Basturk O., Hruban R.H., Offerhaus G.J., Vries R.G., Clevers H, & Tuveson D.A. (2014). Organoid Models of Human and Mouse Ductal Pancreatic Cancer. Cell, 160(0), 324-338.

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Corresponding organizations : Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Cornell University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University

Fluorescent Labeling of Live Cells

Cited 87 times

HeLa cells (ATCC) and U2OS cells (ATCC) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM; Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% v/v fetal bovine serum (FBS; Life Technologies), 1 mM GlutaMax (Life Technologies), and 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Sigma) and maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% v/v CO₂ environment. These cell lines undergo regular mycoplasma testing by the Janelia Cell Culture Facility. Cells were transfected with HaloTag–H2B, HaloTag–tubulin, SnapTag–TetR, or SnapTag–H2B using an Amaxa Nucleofector (Lonza). Before the imaging experiments, transfected cells were transferred onto a No.1 coverslip (Warner Instruments) that was cleaned by Piranha solution (3:1 v/v mixture of concentrated H₂SO₄ and 30% v/v hydrogen peroxide). To label live cells with the HaloTag or SnapTag ligands, compounds 9, 10, 27, 28, 29, 30, or 31 were added to the growth medium and the samples incubated for 15 min. Labeling concentrations were typically 100–500 nM for confocal, wide-field, and dSTORM experiments and 5–50 nM for single-molecule tracking experiments. Cells were then washed briefly with PBS (1×) and then incubated in DMEM–FBS for an additional 15 min. Before imaging, the cells were washed briefly with PBS (3×) and placed in fresh DMEM–FBS for imaging. All washes were omitted in the “no wash” experiments. For nuclear staining, cells were incubated in PBS for 5 min (2×), and then incubated in PBS containing 5 μM DRAQ5 (Cell Signaling) for 5 min, followed by brief wash with PBS (1×). During all imaging experiments, cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO₂ v/v environment supplied by a live-cell incubator (TOKAI HIT).

Grimm J.B., English B.P., Chen J., Slaughter J.P., Zhang Z., Revyakin A., Patel R., Macklin J.J., Normanno D., Singer R.H., Lionnet T, & Lavis L.D. (2015). A general method to improve fluorophores for live-cell and single-molecule microscopy. Nature methods, 12(3), 244-250.

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Corresponding organizations : Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Physique des Cellules et Cancers, Institut Curie

Fluorescent Labeling of Live Cells

Cited 82 times

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Corresponding organizations : Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Physique des Cellules et Cancers, Institut Curie

Cerebral Organoid Generation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cited 74 times

Human H9 ES (WA09) were obtained from WiCell at passage 26 with verified normal karyotype and contamination-free. iPS cells were obtained from System Biosciences (SC101A-1) verified pluripotent and contamination free. All human PSC lines were regularly checked and confirmed negative for mycoplasma. PSCs were maintained on CF-1 gamma irradiated MEFs (Global Stem) according to WiCell protocols. On day 0 of organoid culture, ESCs or iPSCs less than passage 50 were dissociated from MEFs by dispase treatment and MEFs were removed by gravity separation of stem cell colonies from MEFs before trypsinization of stem cells to generate single cells. 4500 cells were then plated in each well of an ultra-low binding 96-well plate (Corning) in hES media with low bFGF (5-fold reduced) and 50uM ROCK inhibitor^{49 (link)} (Calbiochem).
EBs were fed every other day for 6 days then transferred to low adhesion 24-well plates (Corning) in neural induction media containing DMEM/F12, 1:100 N2 supplement (Invitrogen), Glutamax (Invitrogen), MEM-NEAA, and 1ug/ml Heparin^{50 (link)} (Sigma). These began forming neuroepithelial tissues, which were fed every other day for 5 days. On Day 11 of the protocol, tissues were transferred to droplets of Matrigel (BD Biosciences) by pipetting into cold Matrigel on a sheet of Parafilm with small 3mm dimples. These droplets were allowed to gel at 37C and were subsequently removed from the Parafilm and grown in differentiation media containing a 1:1 mixture of DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal containing 1:200 N2 supplement (Invitrogen), 1:100 B27 supplement without vitamin A (Invitrogen), 3.5ul/L 2-mercaptoethanol, 1:4000 insulin (Sigma), 1:100 Glutamax (Invitrogen), 1:200 MEM-NEAA.
After 4 days of stationary growth, the tissue droplets were transferred to a spinning bioreactor containing differentiation media as above except B27 supplement with vitamin A (Invitrogen) was used. Since retinoic acid has been shown to be important for neuronal differentiation in vivo^{52 (link)}, we included it in the final media used to differentiate the cerebral organoids.

Lancaster M.A., Renner M., Martin C.A., Wenzel D., Bicknell L.S., Hurles M.E., Homfray T., Penninger J.M., Jackson A.P, & Knoblich J.A. (2013). Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature, 501(7467), 10.1038/nature12517.

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Corresponding organizations : Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Wellcome Sanger Institute, St George's, University of London

Neural Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cited 65 times

For dissociating intact colonies of pluripotent stem cells from the layer of DR4 feeders, hiPSCs were exposed to a low concentration of dispase (Invitrogen: 17105-041; 0.7 mg/ml) for ~30 min. Suspended colonies were subsequently transferred into ultra-low-attachment 100 mm plastic plates (Corning) in hiPSC medium without FGF2. For the first 24 h (day 0), the medium was supplemented with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (EMD Chemicals). For neural induction, dorsomorphin (also known as compound C; Sigma 10 μM) and SB-431542 (Tocris, 10 μM) were added to the medium for the first five days. On the sixth day in suspension, the floating spheroids were moved to neural medium (NM) containing Neurobasal (Invitrogen: 10888), B-27 serum substitute without vitamin A (Invitrogen: 12587), GlutaMax (Invitrogen, 1:100), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μl streptomycin (Invitrogen). The NM was supplemented with 20 ng/ml FGF2 (R&D Systems) and 20 ng/ml EGF (R&D Systems) for 19 days with daily medium change in the first 10 days, and every other day for the subsequent 9 days. To promote differentiation of the neural progenitors into neurons, FGF2 and EGF were replaced with 20 ng/ml BDNF (Peprotech) and 20 ng/ml NT3 (Peprotech) starting at day 25, while from day 43 onwards only NM without growth factors was used for medium changes every four days.

Paşca A.M., Sloan S.A., Clarke L.E., Tian Y., Makinson C.D., Huber N., Kim C.H., Park J.Y., O’Rourke N.A., Nguyen K.D., Smith S.J., Huguenard J.R., Geschwind D.H., Barres B.A, & Paşca S.P. (2015). Functional cortical neurons and astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture. Nature methods, 12(7), 671-678.

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Corresponding organizations : Stanford University, University of California, Los Angeles, Yonsei University, Stanford Blood Center

Spelling variants (same manufacturer)

DMEM GlutaMAX medium - 296 citations L-glutamine (Glutamax, - 47 citations GlutaMAX L-glutamine supplement - 8 citations GlutaMAX™ Dulbeccos Modified Eagle Medium - 5 citations RPMI 1640 w/Glutamax - 5 citations GlutaMAX-I (2 mM) - 3 citations Gibco RPMI GlutaMAX medium - 2 citations DME/F12/GlutaMAX I - 2 citations

Similar products (other manufacturers)

αMEM Glutamax (by MP Biomedicals) - 3 citations RPMI Medium 1640 + GlutaMAXTM-I (by Lonza) - 2 citations F-12 with GlutaMAX (by Merck Group) - 2 citations

The spelling variants listed above correspond to different ways the product may be referred to in scientific literature.
These variants have been automatically detected by our extraction engine, which groups similar formulations based on semantic similarity.

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