Custom-made bundles for LFP recordings were built using formvar-insulated nichrome wire (#761500, AM systems, WA, USA). The recording bundles were coupled to an Intan RHD2132 headstage and data was sampled at 30 kHz using Open Ephys (v0.4.4)83 (link). Each bundle had a reference channel and two signal channels inserted 550 µm beneath the dura using a micromanipulator (MX7600; Siskiyou, Grants Pass, OR) into miniature craniotomies over the A1 and D1 barrels. Data was further band-passed to 0.1–200 Hz and analyzed using custom MATLAB code (R2018a and R2019b; MathWorks).
Rhd2132 headstage
Manufactured by Intan Technologies
Sourced in United States
The RHD2132 headstage is a compact and versatile device designed for electroencephalography (EEG) and electrophysiology applications. It features 32 high-quality analog input channels and supports various sensor input types. The headstage provides signal conditioning and digitization capabilities, allowing for reliable data acquisition from a wide range of neural and bioelectrical signals.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Matlab, by MathWorks (2 mentions)
Formvar insulated nichrome wire, by A-M Systems (1 mentions)
Open ephys acquisition board, by Intan Technologies (1 mentions)
Omniplex acquisition system, by Plexon (1 mentions)
Rz2 bioamp processor, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (1 mentions)
Pz5 amplifier, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (1 mentions)
6 protocols using rhd2132 headstage
1
Detailed LFP Recording Methodology
2
Visually-Evoked Neural Oscillations in Mice
3
Laminar LFP Recordings in Rats
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All recordings were performed in rats breathing 1% isoflurane in oxygen. Signals were amplified and digitized on an RHD2132 headstage (Intan) and streamed to a PC using an Omniplex acquisition system (Plexon) at a rate of 40,000 samples per second per channel. All recordings were performed using a ground skull screw as reference. LFPs were extracted from raw signals online using the bandpass filter with a passband of 0.1-300 Hz. Offline, LFPs were decimated to 1 kHz and filtered using a custom acausal FIR 0.1-200 Hz bandpass filter. Noisy channels were removed by visual inspection of the signals. Before subsequent analyses, LFPs were rereferenced to the mean computed over all clean channels on the laminar probe. An example 5 min segment of rereferenced LFP is shown in Figure 3 A. All data analysis was completed using custom-built MATLAB (The MathWorks) code unless otherwise stated. In total, 29.88 h of recordings were used to generate all data in this manuscript. Recording durations from single rats included in analyses ranged from 4 to 7.25 h, with a median of 5.5 h per animal.
4
Measuring Round Trip Delay in Closed-Loop Neuroscience
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To measure the round trip delay -the time from the ripple onset to the stimulationwe set up a closed-loop architecture constituted by an Intan RHD2132 headstage, the Open Ephys acquisition board (open-ephys.org), a BNC-to-HDMI conversion board, the Pulse Pal device (an open-source pulse generator, sanworks.io), and a computer (Intel i5-8300H, 2.3GHz, 12 GB RAM) running Windows 10 (Fig. 4a). The synthetic data was converted to a .flac audio file and played directly to an Intan headstage channel via custom-made cable and connectors. The acquisition board receives data from the headstage via SPI cable and streams it to the Open Ephys GUI through a USB 3.0 connection. A processing pipeline in the Open Ephys GUI was built to filter the incoming data in the 100-250 Hz frequency range before supplying it to the ripple detector plugin. Additional plugins were inserted into the processing chain to record (Record Node) and visualize (LFP Viewer) the data, as well as to communicate with the Pulse Pal hardware (Pulse Pal). The detection events fed the Pulse Pal module, triggering a brief digital pulse (single 5 V monophasic pulse, 100 μs duration) sent back to the Open Ephys acquisition board. The synthetic signal captured by the headstage, the moments of ripple detection, and the digital pulses generated by Pulse Pal were logged to compute the round trip delay.
5
Synchronizing Behavioral and Neural Events
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LFPs from all electrodes were digitized using an RHD 2132 headstage (Intan Technologies, Los Angeles, CA), amplified using a PZ5 amplifier (Tucker-Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL), and acquired at 3 kHz using OpenEx and an RZ2 BioAmp processor (Tucker-Davis Technologies). Tethering of the rats to the PZ5 occurred via a flexible ultralight tether with a commutator in-line to allow free movement. Entrances to the left, right, and center ports were detected by infrared beam breaks and acquired at 380 Hz. Behavioral and stimulus delivery events were simultaneously recorded in OpenEx using the RZ2 BioAmp processor, allowing for synchrony between the behavioral and neural events. The thermocouple signals were acquired similarly along with behavior, but using Synapse software with a sampling rate of 610 Hz.
6
Broadband Neurophysiology of Head-Fixed Mice
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Broadband signals (0.1 -20 kHz, at 30 kS s -1 ) of head-fixed mice were recorded via the RHD recording system (RHD2132 headstage, Intan Technologies) in a sound-attenuated and electrically shielded chamber. Spikes were detected and sorted using template matching with Kilosort2 (Pachitariu et al 2016a (Pachitariu et al , 2016b)) . We used the default Kilosort2 configuration parameters, except for high-pass filtering, which was changed to 600 Hz, and spike-detection thresholds, which were reduced by half [5 2]. Bad channels were manually removed. Sorted spikes were manually curated using a python-based GUI for electrophysiological data (Cyrille Rossant, International Brain Laboratory).
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