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15 protocols using vincristine

1

Establishment and Characterization of RMS Cell Lines

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Ba/F3 TEL-FGFR4, a murine hematopoietic cell line that expresses a constitutively active FGFR4 kinase domain [19 (link)], was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 1.5 ug/mL puromycin. RMS559 is a FN RMS cell line with an FGFR4V550L activating mutation; RH4 and SCMC are FP RMS cell lines with FGFR4 overexpression; and 7250 is a normal human fibroblast cell line. These cell lines were grown in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. All cell lines were STR profiled and negative for mycoplasma. Futibatinib was obtained through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Taiho Oncology (Princeton, NJ, USA). Irinotecan (752903, Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and Vincristine (030906, Pfizer) were obtained through the NIH Division of Veterinary Resources Pharmacy.
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2

Chemotherapy Resistance Induction Protocol

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For chemotherapy resistance induction, the cells underwent treatment for 72 h, with increasing drug concentration every 2 weeks, for a period of ≥10 weeks. The concentrations were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM for doxorubicin (Libbs, São Paulo, Brazil) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 nM for vincristine (Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA). Untreated cells served as control (9 (link)).
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3

Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Culture and Treatment

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Normal human smooth muscle (HA-VSMC), RMS (RH30, aRMS), (RD, eRMS) and rhabdoid cell line (A204) cells were procured from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). While (CW9019, aRMS) and (SMS-CTR, eRMS) cells were gifted to JGP by Dr. Frederic G. Barr, Deputy Branch Chief and Senior Investigator Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, USA. RMS cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, and 100 μg/ml of streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. HA-VSMC were grown in F-12K medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/ml ascorbic acid, 0.01 mg/ml insulin, 0.01 mg/ml transferrin, 10 ng/ml sodium selenite, 0.03 mg/ml endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS); fetal bovine serum to a final concentration of 10%, HEPES to a final concentration of 10 mM, TES to a final concentration of 10 mM. GANT-61 was purchased from Cayman (MI, USA). Rapamycin was purchased from Fujian Kerui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Fuzhou, Fujian, China). Temsirolimus and vincristine were obtained from Pfizer (NY, USA) and Hospira (IL, USA) respectively. Primers used in this study were obtained from Invitrogen (Supplementary Table S1-I and II). Primary antibodies were purchased as described in supplementary Table S2. Various treatments of these cells were performed when their confluence reached to about 70-80%.
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4

Evaluating BMP4 Effects on Leukemia

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Leukemia pre-B ALL cell line Nalm6 (ACC128) was purchased from DSMZ (German Collections of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures), BMP4 transduced-Nalm6 stable cell line (Nalm6-BMP4) was developed in our laboratory as previously described,37 (link) and CNS microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cell line) were generously provided by J. Millán (CBMSO, Madrid, Spain). Lines were maintained according to the manufactureŕs recommendations.
The following treatments were used: rhBMP4 (Humanzyme, Chicago, IL), methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin, and vincristine (Pfizer, New York, NY).
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5

Cytotoxicity Assay with Cisplatin and Vincristine

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Stocks of cisplatin (Accord Healthcare Limited, Middlesex, UK) and vincristine (Oncovin, Pfizer, USA) were diluted in PBS, and the used concentrations were 1–10 μM for cisplatin and 5 nM–1 μM for vincristine.
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6

Cytostatic Dose Optimization Protocol

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The cytostatics used for the current experiment were as follows: Cisplatin (Accord Healthcare Ltd.), vincristine (Oncovin, Pfizer) and doxorubicin (Accord Healthcare Ltd.). All the cytostatic stock solutions were diluted in PBS and further diluted in PBS prior to each experiment, and used at the following concentrations: Cisplatin, 0.1-40 µM; vincristine, 0.001-1 µM; and doxorubicin, 0.1-5 µM.
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7

Synergistic Effects of CP and B-ALL Drugs

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To test potential synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects of the combination of CP and drugs commonly used in B-ALL treatment, we performed MTT experiments as follows.
SEM, and RS4;11 cells were treated for 48 hours with one of the most used chemotherapeutic agents: cytarabine (Aractyn, Pfizer), daunorubicin (Pfizer), vincristine (Pfizer), or dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich). CP was also added to each drug solution, at fixed combination ratios. Cell viability was determined after 48 hours of treatment by MTT test as described above. To determine the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects of the drug combinations, we used CalcuSyn software (version 2.0, Biosoft, Cambridge, United Kingdom) based on the method of the combination index (CI) described by Chou and Talalay [32 (link)]. Synergy, additivity and antagonism were defined by a CI<1, CI=1, or CI>1, respectively.
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8

Pharmacological Compounds in Cell Culture

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LiCl (Sigma, 203637) was used at 25 mM. FH‐535 (Tocris, 4344) and ICG‐001 (Tocris, 4505) stocks were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma) and used at the indicated concentrations. Vincristine (Pfizer, 1 mg ml−1) and dexamethasone (Fortecortin, 4 mg ml−1) were kindly provided by Hospital del Mar. L‐Asparaginase was obtained from MedChemExpress (HY‐P1923).
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9

Vincristine Cytotoxicity Assay in Nalm6 Cells

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Drug viability assays were performed as previously with slight modification (22 (link)). Nalm6 parental cells (WT) and rs1247117 CRE deletion Nalm6 cells (Del) were seeded at 20,000 cells per well in a 96-well plate and co-treated with the indicated concentrations of vincristine (Hospira, 61703-0309-16). Following the indicated duration of incubation, cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 Cell Viability Assay (Promega, G9243). The luminescence was measured using a BioTek Cytationl cell imaging multimode reader (Agilent). The obtained values were normalized and plotted as % of control. All the experiments were performed in 3 biological replicates having 4-6 technical replicates in each group. Data was plotted as Mean +/− SD.
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10

Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer Drugs

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Azacitidine (Sigma), cisplatin (Teva), cytarabine (Sigma), etoposide (Teva), fludarabine (Sagent), melphalan (Sigma), methotrexate (Hospira), paclitaxel (Hospira), vincristine (Hospira), 5-FU (Teva), doxorubicin (APP Pharmaceuticals), and anakinra (Amgen) were stored according to manufacturer’s recommendation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli serotype 0111:B4 was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences. Nilotinib and sorafenib (LC Laboratories) and ponatinib (Tocris Bioscience) were dissolved in DMSO and stored at −80 °C. Insulin was purchased from Sigma. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Antibody against IL-1β (ab9722) was purchased from Abcam, phospho-JNK (9251) and phospho-p38 MAPK (9211) from Cell Signaling Technology, and p38 MAPK (sc-535) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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