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97 protocols using direct q 3 uv

1

Quantifying Metal Levels in Biological Tissues

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Metal levels in blood, brain regions (olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum), lung, and liver tissues were determined using a NexION TM 300D ICP MS (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The instrument was optimized according to the recommendations of the manufacturer, and its performance was evaluated daily prior to sample analysis by aspiration of a 1 μg/L multi-element solution containing Be, Ce, Fe, In, Li, Mg, Pb, and U in 1% HNO 3 . Method parameters and instrument conditions are summarized in Table 1.
For sample preparation for the analysis, tissues were freeze-dried in a freeze dryer (Ilshin, Yangju-si, Korea) at -70°C and 5 mTorr for 24 hr and then digested in 5 mL concentrated HNO 3 and 5 mL ultrapure water (Direct-Q 3 UV, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), while blood samples were digested in 3 mL concentrated HNO 3 and 6 mL ultrapure water (Direct-Q 3 UV, Millipore), using a microwave digestion system (Multiwave 3000). A 2-ng/mL solution of rhodium in 1% HNO 3 was used as the internal standard. This solution was mixed with the calibration standards and samples online. Samples were analyzed using the external calibration method with 5 standard concentrations ranging from 0.1-50 ng/mL.
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2

Functionalized Polymer Synthesis Protocol

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First, 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUDA), N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), glutaraldehyde (GA), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium acetate, ethanol, acetone, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), N,N′ methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), acrylic acid (AAc), N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 3- (APTES), ethanolamine, methacryloxy ethylthiocarbamoyl rhodamine B, N-tert-butylacrylamine (TBAm), ammonium persulphate (APS), Tween 20 (polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate), sodium borohydride and anhydrous toluene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). In order to obtain double-distilled water, a Millipore Direct-Q 3 UV (Millipore, Taufkirchen, Germany) was used. The glass beads (∅100 μm) were bought from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Carl Roth also provided the syringe filters (0.45 and 0.22 m Rotilabo PTFE) (Karlsruhe, Germany). Without additional purification, analytical or HPLC grade chemicals and solvents were employed throughout. A 0.22 m syringe filter was used to filter a PBS/Tween (phosphate buffered saline +0.05% Tween) buffer.
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3

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Stearic acid, Tween 80, disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Oleic acid (OA) was supplied from Fisher Chemicals (Loughborough, UK). Iron (III) chloride, sodium hydroxide, palmitic acid (PA), potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid (99%) and ascorbic acid were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate was purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Hanover, Germany). Nitric acid was supplied from Carlo Erba Reagenti (Milano, Italy). Ethanol, acetone and other reagents were used in analytical grade. Ultra-purified water (UP) was used for chemical synthesis (Millipore Direct-Q3 UV). All materials and reagents were used without further purification.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of NIPAM Hydrogels

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N-isopropylAcrylamide (NIPAm, 99%) monomer was purchased from Fisher Scientific and recrystallized for three times in n-hexane (≥97%, Sigma-Aldrich). Acrylamide (AAm, 99%), agarose (low gelling temperature, A4018), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 10 000), N, N′-MethylenebisAcrylamide (BIS, ≥99.5%), 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)−2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959, photoinitiator, 98%), Rhodamine B, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 99%), acryloyl chloride (97%), dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.9 atom% D), and acetone (99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ, DirectQ 3 UV, Millipore) was used throughout the experiments.
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5

Corrosion Study of X80 Steel Electrode

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A three-electrode cell setup
was adopted, of which the working electrode
was made of an X80 steel specimen sealed in epoxy resin with an exposed
area of 1 × 1 cm2. A silver/silver chloride (saturated
potassium chloride solution) electrode was used as the reference electrode,
and a platinum electrode with an area of 1 × 1 cm2 served as the counter electrode. The capacity of the test vessel
is 1 L. Before each testing, the working electrode was ground successively
with 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1500 grit silicon carbide paper,
rinsed with distilled water and alcohol, and dried with cold air.
The electrolyte solution was made of sodium chloride dissolved in
ultrapure water (produced by Direct-Q 3 UV, Millipore) with a concentration
of 0.1 or 0.6 mol L–1 at a temperature of 60 or
20 °C. Both the working electrode and the electrolyte solution
were prepared just before testing to make them fresh. Also, the electrolyte
solution was bubbled with carbon dioxide for at least 3 h to deoxygenate.
The bubbling was then kept at a flow rate of 20 mL min–1 till the end of the test.
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6

Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Composites

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All chemicals were used directly without any further purification. Pyrrole (Py) monomer, copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were purchased from GENERAL-REAGENT, Titan Scientific Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. Sulfur powder (S), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), and ethylene glycol (EG) were purchased from Shanghai Sinopharm Chemical reagent Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China. Deionized water was obtained from Direct-Q3 UV, Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA).
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7

Raman Analysis of X-Ray Irradiated Cells

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Cells were seeded on calcium fluoride windows (Crystran Ltd., UK) inside Petri dishes and kept in an incubator at 5% CO2 and 37 °C for 3 days to promote adhesion and growth. The cell confluence after that time was ca. 70%. Cells were then irradiated with a single fraction of X-rays at a dose rate of ∼2.1 Gy min−1 using a MG325 (250 kV, 10 mA) X-Ray Tube (YXLON, Hamburg, Germany). Cells were irradiated to 10, 30, and 50 Gy. Control cells were left unirradiated. The first set of samples was fixed just after irradiation (0 h) using 3.7% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 10 minutes. Other samples were kept in an incubator for 24 and 48 hours and then fixed in the same way. All samples were washed after fixation using PBS (3 times for 2 minutes), PBS/water solutions (2:1, 1:1, 1:2; 2 times for 2 minutes), and pure water (3 times for 2 minutes). Finally, samples were left in the open air over night to dry. All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (Direct-Q 3 UV, Millipore, USA). The whole experiment (cell culture, irradiation, Raman measurements) was repeated three times.
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8

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Uric Acid Assay

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SulfUric acid and hydrogen peroxide purchased from Pharmco products Inc. Deionized water purified via a Millipore Direct Q 3 UV apparatus. Glass slides of 0.96 to 1.06 mm thickness purchased from Corning Incorporated. Uric acid and 20 nm gold colloids purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA, catalog number: 741965: ∼7.2×1011 particles/mL). Silicon isolators composed of 12 wells (30 μL capacity) and targets (57 mm in diameter) purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences.
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9

Octenidine-Silica Nanocomposite Synthesis

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All chemicals were used without further purification. Type 1 ultra-pure water was used at 18.2 MΩ cm produced in our laboratory (Direct-Q 3 UV, Millipore, USA). Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) was purchased from TCI America (USA), with purity confirmed by LC-MS (Xevo G2-XS QTof, Waters, USA). Tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Hydrochloric acid (6.0 N), sodium chloride, potassium chloride, disodium phosphate, and monopotassium phosphate were purchased from Bioshop Canada Inc. (Burlington, ON, Canada). Anhydrous ethanol was purchased through the University of Toronto MedStore (house brand, Toronto, ON, Canada).
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10

Electrochemical Characterization of Inorganic Compounds

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KCl, KOH, H2SO4, NaClO4, and 2-propanol were purchased
from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. NiSO4, FeSO4, and (NH4)2SO4 were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. All reagents were used without any further purification.
The deionized (DI) water employed in this work was from a Simply-Lab
water system (DIRECT-Q 3 UV, Millipore) with a resistivity of 18.2
MΩ·cm at 25 °C. Experiments were performed at room
temperature (25 °C) in atmospheric pressure, unless stated otherwise.
All of the electrochemical measurements were performed with the assistance
of a potentiostat/galvanostat system (PGSTAT204, Metrohm Autolab).
Ag/AgCl, KCl (sat’d) was set as the reference electrode for
all of the electrochemical measurements in this work.
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