Tga sdta 851e

Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) were performed in solid phase using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectrophotometer equipped with an ATR PRO450-S accessory with diamond optics, working in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique in the spectral range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹, at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments were performed on powders, using a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer in parallel beam geometry equipped with CuKα radiation (wavelength 1.5406 Å). The XRD patterns were collected in the 2θ range between 10 and 70 with a speed of 2°/ min and a step size of 0.02°. PDXL software from Rigaku, connected to the ICDD database was used for phase identification and XRD patterns refinement using the Whole Pattern Powder Fitting (WPPF) method (Rigaku’s PDXL software).
Thermal measurements were performed on a Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e thermal analyzer apparatus, in an airflow atmosphere with a flow rate of 80 mL min⁻¹ and at a heating rate of 10 K min⁻¹. The TG curves were recorded from room temperature to 1000 °C. The samples were held in alumina crucibles.

The pore characteristics and surface area of the mesoporous silica specimens were investigated using a N₂ sorption experiment at 77 K by using a Micrometrics ASAP 2020 apparatus (Norcross, GA, USA). The surface functional groups of the amino-modified SBA-15 samples were inspected by a Shimadzu FTIR-8300 analyzer (Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan). The mesophases and crystalline phases of the silica specimens were assembled on an X’pert pro system X-ray diffractometer (XRD, PANalytical, Malvern, UK) equipped with Cu-kα radiation. The mesoporous structure of the functionalized and unfunctionalized silica materials was inspected by a JEM-2100 (JEOL, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan) transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface morphologies of the silica specimens were observed through an S-3400N (HITCHI, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan) field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thermal decomposition path of the uncalcined SBA-15 was observed through a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA, Mettler Toledo, OH, USA, model TGA/SDTA851e). W/W₀ represented the remaining mass of the sample.

Powder X-Ray diffraction patterns were recorded using Bruker-AXS D5005 with Co-Kα radiation.
N₂-physisorption experiments were carried out at 77 K in a TriStar II unit gas adsorption analyser (Micromeritics). Prior to the measurements the samples were degassed at 423 K under vacuum for 16 h. The BET areas were calculated using intervals allowing positive BET constants38 . The total pore volumes were calculated at 0.9 relative pressure.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out using a JEOL JSM-6010LA InTouchScope microscope.
Thermogravimetric analysis was performed by means of Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA851e, under an air flow of 60 ml min⁻¹ at a heating rate of 10 K min⁻¹ up to 1073 K.
Diffuse reflectance UV/Vis spectra were collected using a Perkin–Elmer Lambda 900 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere (“Labsphere”) in the 200–800 nm range. BaSO₄ was used as a white standard.

Thermo-gravimetric measurements were carried out using a TGA/SDTA851e from Mettler Toledo (Greifensee, Switzerland) to determine the amount of resin weight and fiber weight of the various composite samples. Scans were performed from 30 to 700 °C at 10 K/min under nitrogen with a flow rate of 50 mL/min, followed by a cooling from 700 to 200 °C and a second heating from 200 to 900 °C at 10 K/min under air with a flow rate of 50 mL/min.

For the CHN elemental analysis an EA 1110 CHNS-O elemental analyzer from CE instruments was utilized. EDX: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was carried out with a FEI/Philips XL-30 Field Emission ESEM for the five powdered compounds. ESI-MS: Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was carried out with a Waters Micromass ZQ spectrometer. Isotopic patterns were analyzed using the Mass software. XRPD: X-ray powder diffraction was carried out with a PANalytical Empyrean X-ray powder diffractometer with Cu radiation from Oxford Cryostream with the PIXcel detector XRPD for the capillary measurement. IR: Infrared spectra of the powdered compounds and layers were recorded in transmission mode on a Nicolet 5700 FT-IR spectrometer. TGA: Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a thermal analyzer model Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e that operates in the range [25, 1100] °C and has a sensitivity of 0.1 μg.