The mean value ± SD, the median with the 1st and 3rd quartile, the R2, the coefficient of variation (CV), skewness and variance were given for each parameter. The p-value was considered significant only if p<0.05. Boxplots were generated to investigate inter-individual differences for each structural parameter (Figure 11 - Source data 2 ). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H-test analysis was computed, using InStat (GraphPad Software Inc, San Diego, CA, USA), as some of the analyzed parameters were not normally distributed as indicated by the skewness. Correlation graphs between several structural parameters were generated. To test the differences between L4 and L5 synaptic parameters, a Mann-Whitney u-test (unpaired; two-tailed) was performed using InStat (GraphPad Software Inc, San Diego, CA, USA).
Instat
Manufactured by GraphPad
Sourced in United States, Austria
InStat is a data analysis software designed for researchers and scientists. It provides a suite of tools for statistical analysis, data visualization, and hypothesis testing. InStat is capable of handling a variety of data types and supports a range of statistical methods, including t-tests, ANOVA, and nonparametric tests.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Prism 5, by GraphPad (17 mentions)
Prism 6, by GraphPad (12 mentions)
Prism 4, by GraphPad (8 mentions)
Instat 3, by GraphPad (6 mentions)
Statview 4, by Abacus (6 mentions)
Prism 3, by GraphPad (5 mentions)
Prism 8, by GraphPad (5 mentions)
Prism software, by GraphPad (4 mentions)
Spss statistic, by IBM (4 mentions)
Quickcalc, by GraphPad (2 mentions)
Prizm, by GraphPad (2 mentions)
Statistica 6, by StatSoft (2 mentions)
Automated water bath, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Fc204 fraction collector, by Gilson (2 mentions)
Origin v7, by OriginLab (2 mentions)
Clampfit pclamp10.3 suite, by Molecular Devices (2 mentions)
Spss version 16, by IBM (2 mentions)
Sas stat software, by SAS Institute (2 mentions)
Sigmaplot, by Grafiti LLC (2 mentions)
Statistica, by StatSoft (2 mentions)
1 747 protocols using instat
1
Quantitative Synaptic Parameter Analysis
2
Evaluation of Data Normality and Analysis
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Distribution normality of each group of data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (GraphPad InStat, version 3.06 for Windows; San Diego California) and all groups were normally distributed. Statistical differences between groups were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (GraphPad InStat) with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Statistical values are reported in the appropriate figure legends. Results are expressed as the group means ± SD.
3
Platelet Storage Conditions and Survival
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Determination of means, standard deviations (SD) and standard errors (SE) of experimental values and Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (ANOVA) were carried out by using standard software (Instat, GraphPad Software, Version 3.10, San Diego, CA). A value of p≤0.001 for ANOVA analysis was considered significant accounting repeated measures for the 16 platelet assays utilized in the study and three testing days [24 (link)]. If the ANOVA analysis was significant, statistical differences between paired values of room-stored, cold-stored, thermocycled-stored, cold-stored + VX-702, and thermocycled-stored + VX-702 platelet samples were determined by post Hoc tests with Bonferroni corrections. A p value of <0.05 for post Hoc test was considered as statistically significant. Instat software was also utilized to compare human platelet recovery and survival in the animal model. Paired two-tail t test was used for comparison between test and control (GraphPad Instat). Human platelet survival was expressed as an area under the curve (AUC) and was calculated using the GraphPad Prizm software (GraphPad, version 7.05). Two-tailed p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant in paired tests for recovery and survival of human platelets in SCID mice. Two assumption tests were performed when a p value was calculated: pairing effectiveness and normality test.
4
Non-Parametric Statistical Analysis
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Results are presented as mean and standard error. Data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test (GraphPad InStat version 3.06 for Windows, La Jolla, CA). Data were analyzed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon t test (GraphPad InStat version 3.06 for Windows, La Jolla, CA). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
5
Metabolic Biomarkers in Biological Samples
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The results of glucose concentration, glycogen concentration and LDH activity were expressed as the mean ± standard error. The Kruskal-Wallis test was followed by Dunn test to compare the means (InStat, GraphPad v.4.00 and v.3.02, Prism, Inc.) .
The results of organic acids concentration were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and the ANOVA test was followed by Tukey test to compare the means (InStat, GraphPad v.4.00 and v.3.02, Prism, Inc.).
The results of organic acids concentration were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and the ANOVA test was followed by Tukey test to compare the means (InStat, GraphPad v.4.00 and v.3.02, Prism, Inc.).
6
Ex vivo qRT-PCR Statistical Analysis
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7
Normality Testing and Statistical Analysis
8
Assessing Pituitary Adenoma Invasiveness
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The normalized ADC ratios of invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenomas were compared using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, without assumption of a Gaussian distribution of the data. MIB-1 labeling indices of invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenomas were also compared using a Mann-Whitney test (GraphPad Instat, GraphPad Software).
An inverse function was applied to the normalized ADC ratios in order to perform linear correlation analysis of normalized ADC as a function of MIB-1 labeling index. Linear correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson product moment correlation (GraphPad Instat, Graph-Pad Software).
An inverse function was applied to the normalized ADC ratios in order to perform linear correlation analysis of normalized ADC as a function of MIB-1 labeling index. Linear correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson product moment correlation (GraphPad Instat, Graph-Pad Software).
9
CYP Expression in Renal Disease
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CYP expression was determined in 110 organ donors and 105 patients with end-stage renal disease. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad InStat (v3.05; GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Distribution of CYP expression data was analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and between-group differences were calculated by Mann–Whitney U test. Three categories of CYP expression were applied to describe low, normal and high expressers. The cut-off values for CYP mRNA levels in leukocytes have been previously established on the basis of the cut-off values for the hepatic CYP enzyme activities (CYP1A2: phenacetin O-dealkylation; CYP2C9: tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation; CYP2C19: mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation; CYP3A4: nifedipine oxidation or midazolam 1′- and 4-hydroxylation) [13 (link)]. The cut-off values for CYP1A2 (10–5 and 5 × 10–4), CYP2C9 (2 × 10–6 and 10–5), CYP2C19 (10–6 and 10–5) and CYP3A4 (10–6 and 10–4) in leukocytes allow a distinction between low, normal and high expressers. The prevalence of low, normal and high expressers in patients with end-stage renal disease was compared to that of organ donors by the use of Chi-squared test (GraphPad InStat v3.05, San Diego, CA, USA). A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
10
Comparing Ct-values in PCR Testing
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The Ct-values of culture-positive and culture-negative samples with positive PCR results, and, within the latter, of the “technical contamination” subgroup and the “etiologically relevant” subgroup, were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (GraphPad InStat, version 3.06, GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA), because the test values did not pass normality testing (KS-test, GraphPad InStat). Two-tailed P-values were provided. These analyses were purely explorative and P-values are only descriptive, without defined cut-off values.
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