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17 protocols using Acetonitrile

Sodium chloride, methanol, ethanol, amino acid standards, acetonitrile, phenyl isothiocyanate, gallic acid, triethylamine, n-hexane, boron trifluoride-methanol, dichloromethane, formic acid, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and perchloric acid were purchased from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies (Shanghai) Inc. Vitamin B1/B2 and vitamin E were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), mixed standards of fatty acids, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, anthranone, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide hydrochloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfosalicylic acid, trypsin, and phytic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The purity of chemicals used for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) complied with the requirement of relevant procedures. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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Twenty-four fresh D. rubrovolvata samples were collected in Zhijin County (Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China) in July 2021 and were identified as D. rubrovolvata by ITS sequencing by Shanghai Personalbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The 24 authentic samples were divided into three groups (n = 8, N = 3) and processed by CD, ED, and FD methods, respectively. The CD group samples were suspended for coal stove drying for up to 8 h. The ED group were performed in a drying chamber (AOBOTE Drier, Foshan, Guangdong, China) with the drying programs set as follows: 60°C for 2 h; 45°C for 4 h; 50°C for 2 h. The FD group were thoroughly freeze-dried using a vacuum freeze dryer at −50°C under a vacuum of 1–10 mbar for 8 h. The moisture content of each sample was shown in Supplementary Table 1. All dried samples from the three groups were ground into powder (passed through a 425 μm mesh sieve) and then stored at −20°C.
HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Inc. (Shanghai, China). Formic acid and ammonium acetate (high-purity grade, ≥99.0%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water (18 mΩ) was purified by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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Methanol, acetonitrile, and acetic acid were purchased from ANPEL. All solvents were of HPLC gradient grade. Ultra-pure water in-house was prepared using the Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Choline chloride was purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Malic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fructose, glucose, urea, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, xylitol, and glycerol were obtained from YongSheng Fine Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Jujube (Fig. 1a) was purchased from the local market (Shihezi, China). Jujube fruits were refrigerated at -18 °C for 24 h and thereafter crushed to powder. Samples were refrigerated at -18 °C to prevent moisture absorption and agglomeration.

Xinjiang jujube were used as the experimental materials (a). Extraction yields of different DESs and conventional solvents for flavonoids (b).

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Dimethomorph (98.7%) standard was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany). A water-dispersible granule (WG) containing 50% Dimethomorph was obtained from Zhonggang Wanxiang Agricultural Co., Ltd. (Zhengzhou, China). Formic acid of chromatographic purity was acquired from Fluka (Newport News, VA, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol of HPLC grade were supplied by Thermo Fisher Co., Ltd. (Waltham, MA, USA) Analytical-grade sodium chloride and activated anhydrous sodium sulfate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The graphitized carbon black adsorbent (GCB, 120–400 mesh) was sourced from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Inc. (Shanghai, China).
Acetonitrile was used to make standard pesticide stock solutions with a concentration of 1000 mg L−1, which were then kept at −20 °C. Acetonitrile was used to dilute the stock solution to generate the standard working solutions required for fortification and calibration, which were made fresh as needed. The solvent calibration and matrix-matched solutions were made by diluting the stock solutions with Acetonitrile and blank extracts from all matrices, respectively. Before use, all standard solutions were kept at 4 °C.
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OPFR standards, including tris (chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), triphosphate ester (2,3-dibromopropyl) (TDBPP), tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), tris (clorisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and d15-triphenyl phosphate (d15-TPP) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. (Andover, MA, USA). Detailed structures and physicochemical properties of the OPFRs are listed in Table S1. Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid (HPLC grade) were purchased from Anpel Laboratory Technologies Inc. (Shanghai, China). Ultra-pure water was produced using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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Rs-1 (purity >98%) was provided by the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China). Hesperetin (Fig. 1), the internal standard (IS), was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from ANPEL (Shanghai, China) and acetic acid was from OE Scientific Inc. (Newark, NJ, USA). All solvents were HPLC grade. Other chemicals used were analytical grade and obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water used in this study was prepared in a Milli-Q water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA).
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Fumonisin B1 and B2 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Fumonisin B3 was purchased from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 was obtained from Romer (Beijing, China). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm) used in our experiments was supplied by Millipore (Bedford, IN, USA). Restriction enzymes, T4 DNA ligase, and plasmid extraction kits were purchased from Takara Biomedical Technology (Beijing, China). Protein markers, protein-loading buffers, and SDS gel stain washing buffers were purchased from Epizyme (Shanghai, China). Methanol, formic acid, and acetonitrile were purchased from Anpel (Shanghai, China). All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.
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Ochratoxin A standard was purchased from Romer Lab (Getzersdorf, Austria). Zearalenone was bought from Sigma (Shanghai, China) and made 1 mg/mL stock solution in methanol solvent in this current research investigation. Then this stock solution was then diluted with HPLC grade methanol to achieve the suitable work solutions. Before HPLC analysis of the sample and standard, OTA and ZEA solutions were preserved and refrigerated in darkness at −20 °C. Acetonitrile, methanol, water, ethyl acetate (everything were HPLC purity) and acetic acid were purchased from ANPEL laboratory Technologies, Shanghai, China.
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Methanol, formic acid, ultra-pure water, and acetonitrile were purchased from ANPEL Laboratory Technologies Inc. in Shanghai. L-2-chlorophenylalanine was obtained from Shanghai HC Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). LysoPC17:0 was sourced from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). All chemical reagents and solvents were of analytical purity or chromatographic grade.
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. specimens were collected in August 2019 from Bozhou, Anhui Province. Professor Yu Nianjun of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine authenticated the plant, and the botanical specimens were meticulously prepared and archived at the School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Samples were obtained from six distinct PLP plants. Cor1, phl1, and xyl1 were isolated from different sections of the same PLP root, and so forth. For a detailed overview of the sample materials, please refer to Figure 7.
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CS, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), and bicinchoninic acid kits were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and acetonitrile were purchased from Anpel (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). BAY 55-9837 was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The internal standard, thymopentin (TP-5) Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr, was purchased from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. All of the solvents used were of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade, and Milli-Q water was used in all of the experiments.
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