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Gonak

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Gonak is a laboratory equipment used for performing various tasks in a research or testing environment. It serves as a versatile tool for handling and manipulating samples, materials, or solutions. The core function of Gonak is to provide a controlled and stable platform for conducting experiments or procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

Meloxicam, by Henry Schein (3 mentions) Ketamine xylazine, by Akorn (3 mentions) Slit lamp, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Fluorescein sodium, by Alcon (2 mentions) Utas erg system, by LKC Technologies (1 mentions) Bigshot ganzfeld, by LKC Technologies (1 mentions) Atropine sulfate, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions) Espion 100, by Diagnosys (1 mentions) Espion visual electrophysiology system, by Diagnosys (1 mentions) Phenylephrine, by Bioteck (1 mentions) Szx2 illt dissecting microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions) Sd oct, by Bioptigen (1 mentions) Genteal gel, by Alcon (1 mentions) Metamorph, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions) Micron 4 system, by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (1 mentions) Streampix software, by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (1 mentions) Ketamine, by Henry Schein (1 mentions) Xylazine, by Henry Schein (1 mentions) Cyclopentolate hydro chloride ophthalmic solution, by Alcon (1 mentions) Tropicamide solution, by Alcon (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

GONAK hypromellose ophthalmic demulcent solution Gonak 2.5% Gonak solution

18 protocols using gonak

1

Laser-Induced Ocular Inflammation in Mice

Cited 1 time
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Male and female 10–12 week old mice underwent laser treatment as previously described23 (link). Briefly, mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) and received 1 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Meloxicam (Henry Schein Animal Health, Melville, NY). Eyes were anesthetized, dilated, and a cover slip was coupled to the cornea with Gonak (Akorn) for slit lamp biomicroscopy and laser. Four (immunofluorescence) or eight (flow cytometry, to increase inflammatory cell numbers) focal burns (75 μm, 100–120 mW, 100 ms) were administered in each eye using a 532 nm argon ophthalmic laser (IRIDEX, Mountain View, CA) via a slit lamp (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
Droho S., Perlman H, & Lavine J.A. (2021). Dendritic cells play no significant role in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model. Scientific Reports, 11, 17254.
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2

Full-field Electroretinography in Mice

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Mice were anesthetized by IP injection of Ketamine/Xylazine mixture and eyes were dilated as described above. Anesthetized mice were kept on a heating pad at 37 °C throughout the recordings. To avoid loss of moisture from the ocular surface during the procedure, mice received a drop of 2.5% hypromellose ophthalmic demulcent solution (GONAK; AKORN, Lake Forest, IL). A monopolar contact loop was placed on the surface of the cornea as the active electrode; needle electrodes under the scalp and in the tail served as reference and ground respectively. Full-field electroretinogram was recorded from both eyes following the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard protocol adapted for mice. For full-field scotopic ERG recordings, a series of increasing flash intensities (−2.7, −0.7, 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, and 2.6 log cds/m2) was presented to mice after overnight dark adaptation. Photoreceptor responses (a-waves) were elicited with flashes (0.02–2 cds/m2) and RPE- driven C-wave responses were elicited by a 2.6 log cds/m2 intensity flash and recorded within a period of 15 s after the flash presentation signals were amplified and averaged on a PC-based recording system.
Prasad T., Zhu P., Verma A., Chakrabarty P., Rosario A.M., Golde T.E, & Li Q. (2017). Amyloid β peptides overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial cells via AAV-mediated gene transfer mimics AMD-like pathology in mice. Scientific Reports, 7, 3222.
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3

Monitoring Retinal Changes in BRI-Aβ Mouse Model

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A Micron III digital fundus retinal imaging microscope (Phoenix Research Laboratories, Pleasanton, CA) and a Bioptigen (Morrisville, NC) high resolution instrument for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to monitor retinal morphology and development of drusen like deposits every 2 weeks after sub-retinal injection of AAV1 vector encoding BRI-Aβ peptides. Mouse eyes were dilated same way as for subretinal injection. Mice were, then anesthetized with IP injection of a mixture of ketamine/xylazine as described above. To avoid loss of moisture from the ocular surface during the procedure, mice received a drop of 2.5% hypromellose ophthalmic demulcent solution (GONAK; AKORN, Lake Forest, IL). Bright-field fundus images and SD-OCT images were, acquired using the same exposure times for all eyes.
Prasad T., Zhu P., Verma A., Chakrabarty P., Rosario A.M., Golde T.E, & Li Q. (2017). Amyloid β peptides overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial cells via AAV-mediated gene transfer mimics AMD-like pathology in mice. Scientific Reports, 7, 3222.
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4

Measuring Rodent Full-Field Electroretinography

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Topical applications of 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride and 1% tropicamide drops were administered to induce mydriasis of the pupils and to inhibit accommodation. Anesthesia was maintained with an intraperitoneal injection of the anesthetic ketamine (12.2 mg/mL) / xylazine (4.9 mg/mL) mixture solution at 0.05 mL per 10 g body weight.
The full field ERG (ffERG) was measured bilaterally using rodent ERG electrodes (LKC Technologies, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA) placed on the cornea with methylcellulose (2%, Gonak; Akorn, Lake Forest, IL, USA) as described previously (29 (link)). A ground electrode was placed behind the ear and a reference electrode was on the midline of the forehead. The ffERG was recorded using a UTAS ERG system with a BigShot Ganzfeld (LKC Technologies, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Mice were dark-adapted for 3 hours and the scotopic ERG was recorded first, using a strobe flash intensity of strobe flashes of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.3 cd/m2. An averaged response was based on 15 presentations with a 2-second interstimulus interval. The animal was then light adapted with a 20 cd/m2 background for 10 min and a series of ffERG responses were recorded at flash luminance of 1 and 3 cd/m2. Measures of a- and b-waves were obtained from averaged responses to a single flash intensity. The a-wave is defined as baseline to trough and the b-wave from a-wave trough to peak.
Lu Q., Scott P.A., Vukmanic E.V., Kaplan H.J., Dean D.C, & Li Q. (2020). Yap1 is required for maintenance of adult RPE differentiation. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 34(5), 6757-6768.
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5

Laser-Induced Retinal Inflammation in Mice

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Male and female 10–12-week-old mice were treated as previously described [15 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (Akorn, Lake Forest, IL). Pain control and hydration were achieved with a 1 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Meloxicam (Henry Schein Animal Health, Melville, NY). Eyes were anesthetized and dilated, and a cover slip was coupled to the cornea with Gonak (Akorn) for slit lamp biomicroscopy and laser. Four (immunofluorescence) or eight (flow cytometry, to increase inflammatory cell numbers) focal burns (75 μm, 110 MW, 100 ms) were administered in each eye using a 532 nm argon ophthalmic laser (IRIDEX, Mountain View, CA) via a slit lamp (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
Droho S., Thomson B.R., Makinde H.M., Cuda C.M., Perlman H, & Lavine J.A. (2020). Ocular macrophage origin and heterogeneity during steady state and experimental choroidal neovascularization. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 17, 341.
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6

Flash ERG Recordings in Mice

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These were performed as previously described.13 (link) Briefly, tests were performed on a visual electrodiagnostic system (UTAS-E3000 with EM for Windows; LKC Technologies, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA) while mouse body temperature was maintained at 37°C ± 0.5°C with a heating pad controlled by a rectal temperature probe (FHC, Inc., Bowdoin, ME, USA). Pupils were dilated with 1.0% atropine sulfate (Bausch & Lomb, Tampa, FL, USA) and dilation and corneal hydration maintained during testing by positioning the platinum wire loop recording electrodes in a mixture of atropine and 1.25% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (GONAK; Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, USA). Mice were tested without knowledge of genotype. Bilateral flash ERG responses were obtained; the set of recordings giving the higher amplitudes was correlated with genotype information for statistical analyses including 2-way ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparison tests were performed using graphing software (GraphPad Prism; GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA).
Ruzycki P.A., Linne C.D., Hennig A.K, & Chen S. (2017). Crx-L253X Mutation Produces Dominant Photoreceptor Defects in TVRM65 Mice. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 58(11), 4644-4653.
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7

Electroretinography of Dark-Adapted Mice

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Full-field electroretinography (ERG) recordings were conducted as described previously (Xu et al., 2012 (link)). Briefly, after overnight dark adaptation, mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 85 mg/kg ketamine and 14 mg/kg xylazine. ERGs were recorded using the Espion Visual Electrophysiology System (Diagnosys) with the ColorDome Advanced Performance Ganzfeld Dome system (Diagnosys). Potentials were recorded using a gold-wire electrode to contact the corneal surface through a layer of 2.5% hypromellose (Gonak, Akorn Pharmaceuticals). For the assessment of scotopic responses, a stimulus intensity of 1.89 log cd · s m−2 was presented to dark-adapted dilated mouse eyes. To evaluate photopic responses, mice were adapted to a 1.48 log cd · s m−2 light for 7 min, and then a light intensity of 1.89 log cd · s m−2 was given. Responses were differentially amplified, averaged, and analyzed using Espion 100 software (Diagnosys).
Ma H., Yang F., York L.R., Li S, & Ding X.Q. (2023). Excessive Thyroid Hormone Signaling Induces Photoreceptor Degeneration in Mice. eNeuro, 10(9), ENEURO.0058-23.2023.
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8

Electroretinogram (ERG) Recording in Mice

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Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded using the LKC Bigshot ERG apparatus. Mice were dark-adapted overnight, anaesthetised with ketamine and xylazine in sterile 0.9% saline (80 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively), and then pupils were dilated with eye drops of phenylephrine (2.5%; Paragon BioTeck, USA). Contact lens electrodes were placed with Gonak (hypromellose 2.5%; Akorn, USA), as well as a steel reference electrode (head), and a steel ground electrode (foot). Mice were exposed to five full-field white light flashes at 0.25 and 2.5 cd.s/m2 (scotopic), light-adapted for 5 min and exposed to 10–15 full-field white light flashes at 10 and 25 cd.s/m2 (photopic).
Huang C., Rosencrans R.F., Bugescu R., Vieira C.P., Hu P., Adu-Agyeiwaah Y., Gamble K.L., Longhini A.L., Fuller P.M., Leinninger G.M, & Grant M.B. (2021). Depleting hypothalamic somatostatinergic neurons recapitulates diabetic phenotypes in mouse brain, bone marrow, adipose and retina. Diabetologia, 64(11), 2575-2588.
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9

Laser-Induced Retinal Inflammation in Mice

Cited 1 time
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Male and female 10–12 week-old mice were treated as previously described6 (link),11 . Briefly, mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine (Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) cocktail. Pain control and hydration were achieved with a 1 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Meloxicam (Henry Schein Animal Health, Melville, NY). Eyes were anesthetized, dilated, and a cover slip was coupled to the cornea with Gonak (Akorn) for slit lamp microscopy and laser. Four (immunofluorescence) or eight (flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and ELISA; to increase inflammatory cell numbers) focal burns (75 μm, 110 mW, 100 ms) were administered in each eye using a 532 nm argon ophthalmic laser (IRIDEX, Mountain View, CA) via a slit lamp delivery system (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
Droho S., Cuda C.M., Perlman H, & Lavine J.A. (2021). Macrophage-derived interleukin-6 is necessary and sufficient for choroidal angiogenesis. Scientific Reports, 11, 18084.
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10

Retinal Artery Imaging in Mice

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We used an intraperitoneal injection of 2.5% tribromoethanol (0.020 mL/g; Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) to anesthetize the mice. One compound-tropicamide eye drop was used to dilate each pupil, and then the eye was treated with ophthalmic gel (hypromellose 2.5% ophthalmic-demulcent solution; Gonak; Akorn, Lake Forest, IL, USA). The mice were subsequently given a tail vein injection of fluorescein sodium (13 mL/kg in saline; Alcon, TX, USA). After that, for five minutes, we used a retinal imaging equipment (OPTO-RIS; Optoprobe Science, Burnaby, BC, Canada) to take pictures of the retinal arteries every thirty seconds. The branch architecture and pulsatile activity of arteries were used to identify them. In order to determine the arteriovenous ratio for each mouse, we selected an identifiable anatomical site that was two optic-disc diameters from the optic disc. ImageJ (Rasband; NIH) software was used to compare measurements [25 (link)].
Li J., Wang X., Bai J., Wei H., Wang W, & Wang S. (2024). Fucoidan modulates SIRT1 and NLRP3 to alleviate hypertensive retinopathy: in vivo and in vitro insights. Journal of Translational Medicine, 22, 155.
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