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Neuroline 720

Manufactured by Ambu
Sourced in Denmark, Germany

The Neuroline 720 is a medical device designed for the acquisition of electrophysiological signals. It features a compact and portable design, offering a convenient solution for various neurological assessments and procedures. The core function of the Neuroline 720 is to capture and transmit neurological data, enabling healthcare professionals to monitor and analyze the electrical activity of the nervous system.

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20 protocols using Neuroline 720

We used Ag/AgCI AmbuNeuroline 720 wet gel surface electrodes (Ambu GmbH, Germany) to record electromyography (EMG) activity from the left Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC) muscle during the intervention. This muscle was chosen with future applications of this technique in paretic stroke patients in mind. We placed two electrodes on the muscle belly 2 cm apart from each other. After filtering between 0.16 Hz and 1 kHz, EMG was recorded with 1.1 kHz by the BrainAmp ExG Amplifier during the intervention and during the assessment of plastic changes (see below).
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To evaluate which muscles, electrode placements, procedure and pace to use when performing the test-movements, piloting with SEMG of 13 different muscles and protocol development was carried out in two individuals with ACL rupture (not included in the study) and four non-injured individuals. In the final protocol, SEMG was recorded bilaterally from gluteus medius, biceps femoris (long head), quadriceps femoris vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, medial head of gastrocnemius and the peroneus longus muscle, using a 16 channel telemetric data logger (Mega Muscle tester ME6000, Mega Electronics Ltd, Kuopio, Finland; sampling rate 1024 Hz). The Mega Win Software 3.1 was used to digitally filter the raw SEMG signals with a band-pass filter with cut off frequencies of 30 and 400 Hz and to calculate the root mean square value for epochs of 125 ms. Self-adhesive, silver/silver chloride surface electrodes (Ambu® Neuroline 720, Ambu, Ballerup, Denmark) were placed in a bipolar configuration longitudinally on each muscle belly (inter-electrode distance 20 mm) according to SENIAM recommendations [31 ]. The skin surface was prepared by shaving, if necessary, and with fine sandpaper and ethanol, and the same examiner mounted the electrodes for all participants. Before each test, SEMG signals were visually controlled during rest for background artifacts and poor electrode connection.
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Muscle activity will be assessed using Electromyography (EMG) [65 (link), 66 (link)]. Data will be collected by an 8-channel ambulatory system (Mobi 8, TSMi, Enschede, the Netherlands). This system has capacity to record raw EMG data at frequencies up to 2048 Hz, and a logger and battery capacity allowing data collection well above eight hours. The logger is small and light (115 × 98 × 37 mm, 165 g) and will be worn by the participant in a specialized light-weight sports vest during the work shift. Upper trapezius EMG will be collected using self-adhesive pre-gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes (Ambu Neuroline 720, Ambu, Ballerup, Copenhagen) centered 20 mm laterally from the center of the line from the acromion to the spine on vertebra C7 [65 (link)]. For measuring from the Erector Spinae (longissimus) muscles, electrodes will be placed two finger widths lateral to the processus spinosus of L1 [67 ]. A reference electrode will be placed at C5. For initialization of the logger and downloading of data the manufacturer’s software TMSi Polybench will be used. The procedures for assessing muscle activity from the trapezius and the low back is extensively documented [68 (link)].
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Agonist muscle activation of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and both heads of the gastrocnemius muscles were estimated from surface electromyography recordings of the third session (Electrodes: Ambu® Neuroline 720, 72000‐S/25, Ambu A/S) in accordance with the SENIAM guidelines.24 Electromyography data of both legs and NHD30 and NHDmax were averaged and standardized using two additional bilateral maximal voluntary isometric knee flexions (10°; 0° = full knee extension) and plantarflexions, (anatomical position at 90° ankle joint) for the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius.
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During nTMS mapping, myoelectric signals of the contralesional abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and the first dorsal interosseous muscles (FDI) were recorded with the integrated EMG device of the eXimia system (3 kHz sampling rate, band-pass filter of 10–500 Hz) using Ag/AgCl wet gel surface electrodes (AmbuNeuroline 720, Ambu GmbH, Germany).
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Ag/AgCl electrodes (Ambu Neuroline 720, Ambu, Ballerup, Denmark) applied for EEG measurements were positioned according to the international 10–20 standard, on the C3, Oz, and Cz locations. Two scalp EEG channels were used: Oz referenced to Cz (SSVEP-BCI channel) and C3 referenced to Cz (ERD-BCI channel). Ground electrode was placed on the forehead. Impedances of the skin electrode junctions were maintained below 5 kΩ. Signals were amplified 20 k times and hardware band-pass filtered over the range 0.1–40 Hz, using PSYLAB EEG8 biological amplifier combined with PSYLAB SAM unit (Contact Precision Instruments, London, UK). Signals were digitized with 500 Hz sampling frequency using NI USB-6212 (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) card.
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We used the integrated EMG device of the eXimia Navigated Brain Stimulation (NBS) system (Nexstim Inc., Finland) with 3 kHz sampling rate and band-pass filter of 10–500 Hz to record EMG activity from the left and right ECU, ECR, and EDC muscle. We placed two electrodes (Ag/AgCl Ambu Neuroline 720 wet gel surface electrodes, Ambu GmbH, Germany) on each muscle belly 2 cm apart from each other. The muscle bellies were localized with palpation during the respective movements specific to each muscle, i.e., wrist adduction, wrist abduction and finger extension.
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Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis muscles. Signals from the tibialis anterior muscle were recorded using a high-density, 64-channel surface EMG electrode grid (OT Bioelettronica, Torino, Italy) consisting of 5 x 13 electrodes (1-mm diameter, 8-mm interelectrode distance). The grid was located between the proximal and distal tendons of the muscle, with the columns oriented parallel to the tibia (25) . Signals from the gastrocnemius medialis were recorded in bipolar mode with Ag-AgCl electrodes (Ambu Neuroline 720, Ballerup, Denmark; conductive area 28 mm2), as reported previously (2) . Signals were amplified and recorded (2048 Hz sampling rate) using an OT Bioelettronica Quattrocento amplifier (16-bit analog-digital converter). The EMG data were processed and analyzed offline using MATLAB 2020a (MathWorks, USA). Before further processing, the 64 monopolar EMG channels (referenced at the lateral malleolus) were re-referenced offline to form 59 bipolar channels in the presumed direction of the muscle fibers.
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Non-invasive functional motor mapping of both pathologic and healthy hemispheres was performed in each patient using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) with Nexstim eXimia Navigated Brain Stimulation. Briefly, each patient’s head was registered to the structural MRI through the use of anatomical landmarks and surface registration. The composite muscle action potentials were captured by the integrated electromyography unit (EMG) (sampling rate 3 kHz, resolution 0.3 mV; Neuroline 720, Ambu). The muscle activity (motor evoked potential, MEP amplitude ≥50 μV) was recorded by surface electrodes on the abductor pollicis brevis and first dorsal interosseous. Initially, the first dorsal interosseous hotspot, defined as the stimulation area that evoked the strongest MEP, was determined. Subsequently, the resting motor threshold, defined as the lowest stimulation intensity that repeatedly elicits MEPs, was defined using a threshold-hunting algorithm within the Nexstim eximia software. Mapping was performed at 105% resting motor threshold and 0.25 Hz. All MEP amplitudes >50 μV (peak to peak) were considered as motor positive responses and exported in the definitive mapping (38 (link)). The subject-specific positive responses of the first dorsal interosseous were exported as binary 3 × 3 × 3 mm3 voxel masks per response in the T1 image space.
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The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the target muscle, the tibialis anterior (TA) on the dominant side was quantified using disposable surface electrodes (Neuroline 720, Ambu, Ambu A/S, Denmark) that were placed according to the SENIAM guidelines1. For quantification of plasticity induction using non-invasive TMS, the EMG amplifier pod supplied by Rogue Research Inc. as part of the BrainsightTM system (Rogue Research, Inc.), was used to collect MEP data. During the BCI intervention, a single channel EMG was recorded to control for the participant’s movement using the g.USBamps (g.tec GmbH, Austria) at a sampling frequency of 256 Hz.
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