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Lci sd

Manufactured by ADC BioScientific
Sourced in United Kingdom

The LCi-SD is a laboratory equipment used for measuring and analyzing various parameters. It is designed to provide accurate and reliable data without making any subjective interpretations or extrapolations.

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7 protocols using lci sd

1

Gas Exchange and Carbon Isotope Discrimination

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Gas exchange measurements were carried out 7 days after treatment applications (grain filling). Healthy and fully developed leaves were used to measure leaf photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Measurements were made at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PFFD) of 1200 µmol m−2 s−1 using a LCi-SD (ADC BioScientific Ltd., UK).
Leaf samples (≈0.1 g dry weight) were also collected at harvest to measure the C isotopic composition (δ13C) using an elemental analyzer (EA1108; Carlo Erba Instrumentazione, Milan, Italia) coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Delta C; Finnigan, Mat., Bremen, Germany) operating in continuous flow mode. The δ13C values were transformed to discrimination values (Δ) according to Farquhar et al. [33 (link)] (1989), where δ air = -8‰ in Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB):
Δ13C=δ airδ plant1δ plant1000
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2

Photosynthetic Parameters Measurement

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Photosynthetic parameters include CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) were measured 60 days after planting with portable photosynthesis system (ADC Bio Scientific Ltd, LCi-sd, Hoddesdon U.K.). Measurements were performed on fully grown leaves, between 9:00 AM and 12:00 AM. The air temperature and light intensity in cuvette during measurements were ambient. The CO2 concentration was 400 ppm.
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3

Measuring Photosynthetic Performance in Plants

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The physiological parameters, including photosynthetic rate (μmol CO2 m–2 s–1), transpiration rate (mmol H2O m–2 s–1), stomatal conductance (mol H2O m–2 s–1), and intercellular CO2 concentration (μmol CO2 mol–1), were measured on the 21st and 42nd days after sowing using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) (model LCi-SD, manufactured by ADC Bio-scientific in England). Then, the mean values were calculated from the readings of both intervals. The measurement was conducted by selecting three fully developed and healthy leaves of 20 randomly selected plants from each experimental unit. The IRGA measurements were taken under specific conditions including a light intensity of 300 µmol m–2 s–1, a leaf surface temperature ranging from 31.7°C to 36.5°C, a leaf surface area of 6.25 cm2, a CO2 concentration of 390.12 µmol–1, an airflow rate per unit area of leaf (U) at 200.9 µmol s–1, an atmospheric pressure (P) of 991 mBar, and a H2O partial pressure of 13.4 mBar. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated using the below formula: Wateruseefficiency(WUE)=Photosyntheticrate(PN)Transpirationrate(E)
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4

Gas Exchange Measurements in Flowering Plants

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Gas exchange parameters were determined with a portable photosynthesis system (LCi-SD, ADC BioScientific Ltd., Herts, UK) equipped with a square (6.25 cm2) chamber. This device was used for measuring CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) at the beginning of flowering, full bloom and end of flowering. Measurements were performed on six plants from each plot from 09:00–12:00 in the morning to avoid high vapor-pressure deficits and photoinhibition at midday. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained by dividing A by stomatal conductance (gs) [81 (link)].
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5

Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Measurement Protocol

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Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO 2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E) were measured on a sunny day between 10:00 and 12:30 on four fully-expanded mature leaves of each plant, with constant light intensity (1500 µmol m -2 s -1 ), CO 2 concentration (400 µmol), and airflow (500 µmol s -1 ), using a portable CO 2 infrared gas analyzer (LCi-SD, ADC Bio-scientific Ltd., Hoddesdon, UK).
Chlorophyll concentration was determined following Arnon [28] (link). Approx. 0.5 g of fresh leaf material was minced and extracted overnight in the dark with 80% (v/v) acetone at -4 • C. The extract was centrifuged at 10,000× g for 5 min. The absorbance of the supernatant was read at 645 nm and 633 nm in a spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll a and b were calculated as described by Arnon (1949) (link) using the formula: Chlorophyll a (mg g -1 fresh weight) = {12.7(OD 663 ) -2.69(OD 645 ) × (V/1000 × W)} Chlorophyll b (mg g -1 fresh weight) = {22.9(OD 645 ) -4.68(OD 663 ) × (V/1000 × W)} where OD was optical density at wavelength 645 or 663 nm, V was final volume, and W was the weight of the fresh leaf sample.
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6

Physiological Attributes Measurement in Plants

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Physiological attributes were measured at principal growth stage 1 (15) [28] (link). For measurement of physiological attributes, such as photosynthetic rate (µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ), transpiration rate (mmol H 2 O m -2 s -1 ), sub-stomatal CO 2 (VPM), stomatal conductance to water (mmol H 2 O m -2 s -1 ), and leaf temperature ( • C), three young fully developed/expanded and healthy leaves plant -1 (two plants in each replication treatment -1 ) were selected. These selected leaves were placed one by one in the chamber of a portable apparatus called an Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA) (LCi-SD, ADC Bio-scientific, UK). All readings of the above-mentioned physiological attributes were taken from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. Water use efficiency (µmol CO 2 mmol H 2 O was calculated using the following formula:
Water use efficiency = Photosynthetic rate Transpirational rate .
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7

Physiological Responses of Plants to Environmental Factors

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Plant measurements were carried out at 12, 24, 36, 50 and 65 DAT including: (1) stem thickness, measuring with an electronic calliper at the point just beneath the third expandable leaf, (2) chlorophyll content index (CCI), measuring with a portable Chlorophyll Content Meter (CCM-200, Opti-Sciences, Tyngsboro, MA, USA). Moreover, net photosynthetic rate (Anet, µmol m -2 s -1 ) was measured at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAT, using the portable photosynthesis system LCi-SD (ADC Bioscientific Ltd., Hoddesdon, UK). Twelve measurements were taken per treatment and per experiment [one measurement by each plant (pot)]. The procedure was performed at an ambient CO 2 concentration of 400 ± 30 µmol m -2 s -1 , a temperature of 22/26 • C and a photon flux density of 800 ± 100 µmol m -2 s -1 . All the physiological parameters were measured on the upper third of the second fully developed leaf, counting from the plant apex, with the same orientation to the sun.
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