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36 650 protocols using prism 6

1

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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All statistical analyses were performed using Prism 6.0 software (GraphPad), and results are represented as means ± SEM or SD. Survival rates of mice were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis (Prism 6.0). Data between two groups were analyzed by unpaired t test (Prism 6.0) if the data were in Gaussian distribution and had equal variance, by unpaired t test with Welch’s correction (Prism 6.0) if the data were in Gaussian distribution but with unequal variance, or by nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney U test, Prism 6.0) if the data were not normally distributed. Data among more than two groups were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett multiple comparisons (Prism 6.0) if the data were in Gaussian distribution and had equal variance or analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons (Prism 6.0) if the data were not normally distributed. The Gaussian distribution of data was analyzed by D’Agostino-Pearson omnibus normality test (Prism 6.0) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Prism 6.0). The variance of data was analyzed by homogeneity of variance test (SPSS 22.0) or Brown-Forsythe test (Prism 6.0). Differences with P < 0.05 were considered significant.
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2

Shear Bond Strength Analysis of Dental Adhesives

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Statistical analyses were performed with the applications (GraphPad Prism 6.0, GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA and Kyplot 5.0, KyensLab, Tokyo, Japan). For the shear bond strength data, the median values and interquartile range of the eleven specimens were calculated. The D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) revealed that the shear bond strength data for all groups followed a normal distribution. The Bartlett test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) for evaluation of the equality of variance was also analyzed for the results of shear bond strength. After checking the equality of variance, the results of the shear bond strength did not show homoscedasticity. Hence, the Kruskal-Wallis test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) and Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons (Kyplot 5.0) were performed as non-parametric tests to evaluate the differences among each of the treatments. Steel-Dwass comparison was separately run on the heated and nonheated groups. In addition, the Mann-Whitney U test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) was used to evaluate differences between groups with and without heat treatment. The statistical significance level was set at α=0.05.
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3

Statistical Analysis Methods for Neuroscience

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Statistics were performed using Microsoft Excel or GraphPad Prism 6. For statistical comparisons between experiments that were performed on the same population of boutons, Student's t-test was used (2-tailed, paired). In imaging experiments, n refers to the number of multiple experiments performed, with each experiment containing up to 100 regions of interest. Student's t-test (2-tailed, unpaired) was used to analyze all pair wise data sets obtained from boutons under distinct conditions. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to determine differences in cumulative probability distributions. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the goodness fit of Gaussian distributions to amplitude histrograms. For analysis of multiple comparisons among synaptophysin-pHtomato experiments one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used. For the correlation analysis, both parametric and non-parametric correlation coefficients were determined using GraphPad Prism 6. Linear regression analysis included a test for the hypothesis that the slope = 0, again using GraphPad Prism 6. Finally, the D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus K2 normality test was performed in GraphPad Prism 6.
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4

Evaluating Sex Differences in EAE Mouse Model

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For EAE experiments only female mice were used due to the well-known sex differences in the EAE model (Voskuhl & Palaszynski, 2001 (link); Rahn et al., 2014 (link); Zhu et al., 2016 ). EAE clinical score data is presented as mean ± standard error (SEM) and compared using a two way ANOVA with a Sidak’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, RRID:SCR_002798). All other data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Comparison between two groups was statistically evaluated by t-test using GraphPad Prism 6. Multiple comparisons were statistically evaluated by the 1-way ANOVA with a Tukeys posttest using GraphPad Prism 6. Phenotypic differences among the groups were statistically evaluated by the χ2-test using GraphPad Prism 6. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
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5

Statistical Analysis of Dental Bonding

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The results of the shear bond strength, surface roughness, the contact angle, and the surface free energy parameter were statistically analyzed. The D'Agostino and Pearson omnibus test (GraphPad Prism 6.0, GraphPad software, La Jolla, CA, USA) and the Brown-Forsythe test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) were first conducted to determine whether a normal distribution was obtained.
Kruskal-Wallis test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) and Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons (Kyplot 5.0, KyensLab, Tokyo, Japan) were performed as nonparametric tests to evaluate the differences among each group because normality and/or dispersion were not distributed as indicated by the D'Agostino and Pearson omnibus test (GraphPad Prism 6.0) and the Brown-Forsythe test (GraphPad Prism 6.0). The statistical significance level was set at α=0.05.
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6

Kinetic Analysis of Enzyme Reactions

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The velocity (v) of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions was obtained by linear fit of initial-velocity data using Prism 6 software from Graphpad (La Jolla, CA). Pre-equilibrium values from the beginning of data sets were removed to provide fluorescence measurements that were linear as a function of time (Fig. 3).
Values of v in the absence of an inhibitor were fitted to the Michaelis–Menten equation (eq. 1) by non-linear regression using Prism 6 software.

In eq 1, [S]o refers to the concentration of substrate 1 prior to the addition of enzyme.
Values of v in the presence of an inhibitor were fitted to Morrison’s equation (eq. 2) by non-linear regression using Prism 6 software.

In eq 2, vo refers to the reaction in the absence of inhibitor. Enzymatic activity measured in the absence of an inhibitor was used to determine the enzyme concentration for data obtained in the presence of an inhibitor. These enzyme concentrations, which agreed (±10%) with values estimated by active-site titration, were used as constraints for the non-linear regression analysis.
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7

Kinetic Analysis of Angiotensin Peptidase Activity

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Data are expressed as mean±SEM. A Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest were applied for the statistical analysis of the data (GraphPad Prism 6, San Diego, CA USA). The criterion for statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The inhibitory constants (IC50) for the peptidase activity were determined by non-linear regression one-site competition with no constraints (GraphPad Prism 6). The Michealis-Menten constants (Km, Vmax) for DPP 3 hydrolysis of Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(3–7) were derived in Prism 6.
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8

Statistical Analysis of In Vivo Experiments

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Student’s t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Dunn’s post hoc analysis were performed using PRISM 6 from Graphpad. For weight loss during in vivo experiments, two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc analysis was performed using PRISM 6. In vivo survival analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test using PRISM6. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are graphed as the mean +/- the SEM.
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9

Statistical Analysis of Research Data

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Statistical analysis was performed using Igor 6 (Wavemetrics, United States) and Prism 6.0 (Graphpad, United States) (p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗p < 0.001). Potential outliers were identified using the ROUT method as detailed by Brown and Motulsky (2006) (link) and as implemented in Prism 6.0 (Graphpad, United States). Graphical representations were generated using Prism 6.0 (Graphpad, United States) and Adobe Illustrator CS4 (Adobe Systems, United States). Unless otherwise noted data are shown as mean ± SEM.
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10

Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of Expression Data

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All of the results were expressed as the mean ± SEM or the means and the coefficient of variation of at least three independent experiments. Standard curves were plotted, and the data that were obtained within the linear range of the curve. In addition, RT-PCR results were normalized to their respective internal loading controls GAPDH or β-actin. Results in figures 1A–C, 3D, 4B, and 5B–D were analyzed by non-parametric Mann & Whitney by Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., CA). Results in figures 1E, 3A–C and E as well as supplemental figures 1B, 2C, and 5 were analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis by Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., CA). Results in figures 1D, 2, 3F, 3G, 4C–E, and 5B–E as well as supplemental Figures 2A, 2B, 3B, 3C, 4, 6 were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with preplanned contrast comparisons against the wildtype group or against the individual treated group by Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., CA). In all cases, P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
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