Paclitaxel was purchased from Sigma (Deisenhofen, Germany) and dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Paclitaxel dissolved in Cremophor EL (polyoxyethylated castor oil)/ethanol (paclitaxel [Taxol]) was kindly provided by Bristol-Myers Squibb (Mu ¨nchen, Germany) (1 mL Taxol contains 6 mg paclitaxel, 527 mg Cremophor EL, 49.7% (v/v) dehydrated alcohol, USP). The final concentrations of paclitaxel used were 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 M. Control experiments with DMSO, ethanol, and Cremophor EL/ethanol were performed to analyze whether the effects we observed were due to the diluents.