Membrane-coated RNA-polymer Nanoparticle Fabrication

Membrane-coated RNPs were fabricated by a previously reported sonication [33 (link)] and coextrusion method [16 (link)]. Briefly, collected McM vesicles and RNPs were mixed at a membrane protein-to-polymer ratio of 1:1 (w/w). Next, the mixture was sonicated for 5 min in a FS30D bath sonicator with a frequency of 42 kHz and a power of 100 W. Then, McM/RNPs were obtained by using the Avestin mini extruder (Avestin, LF-1, Canada) extruded 10 times through a 200 nm polycarbonate porous membrane. McM and DiDNPs were mixed and McM/DiDNPs were formulated by the coextrusion method.